Photoacid generators are used as components of photocurable polymer formulations and chemically amplified photoresists in microelectronics industry. In recent years, these compounds gained importance as components of various engineering materials. The review presents the classification of photoacid generators and summarizes data on photochemical processes giving photoacids. A special section is devoted to practical applications of photoacid generators and the current state of their development.The bibliography includes 118 references.

The dependence of the kinetic parameters of urethane formation in the reaction between isophorone diisocyanate and alcohols of different structure (-propanol, isopropanol, propargyl alcohol, 1,3-diazidopropan-2-ol, and phenol) in diluted solutions on the natures of solvent (toluene, carbon tetrachloride) and catalyst (dibutyltin dilaurate, diazobicyclooctane) was found using an original IR spectroscopic procedure. The ratio of the apparent rate constants for the reactions involving the aliphatic and cycloaliphatic NCO groups of isophorone diisocyanate was determined, and the efficiency of catalysis in these reactions was estimated. The reaction conditions under which the difference between the reactivities of isocyanate groups can reach 40 were determined.

The kinetics of the noncatalytic reactions of isophorone diisocyanate with -propanol, isopropanol, 1,3-diazidopropan-2-ol, propargyl alcohol, and phenol in toluene in the temperature range from 20 to 90°C at the stoichiometric ratio of reactive groups has been investigated by IR spectroscopy. The apparent rate constants for the reactions of the aliphatic and cycloaliphatic isocyanate groups of isophorone diisocyanate with all of the alcohols have been measured. The activation parameters of the reactions of isophorone diisocyanate with -propanol, isopropanol, and 1,3-diazidopropan-2-ol have been determined. The data obtained are considered in terms of the alcohol structure and molecular organization of solutions.

Few-layer graphene structures synthesized by the plasma electrochemical method are used as modifiers of epoxy binders. It is shown that the obtained structures have the maximum positive...