IntroductionSleep quality is increasingly acknowledged as critical for immune function and overall health. Poor sleep can disrupt immune response, elevating inflammation and susceptibility to infection and chronic diseases. Given the prevalence of sleep disturbances across populations, understanding their impact on immune health and overall wellness is essential. Purpose of WorkThis review aims to examine the relationship between sleep quality and immune function by synthesizing findings on how poor sleep contributes to immune suppression, heightened inflammation, and mental health disturbances, particularly in vulnerable populations. This review also explores possible interventions to mitigate these effects. Material and MethodsA literature search was conducted on databases including PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on studies from 2012 to 2023. Articles assessing sleep quality, immune markers, and the mediating roles of stress and depression were reviewed. Criteria included studies with both subjective and objective assessments of sleep, immune function, and relevant mental health markers. SummaryFindings indicate that poor sleep quality negatively impacts immune health, primarily through increased systemic inflammation and decreased immune cell functionality. Depression and stress further exacerbate these effects, particularly in populations with chronic illnesses or high psychological distress. Targeted interventions that improve sleep quality and manage stress may bolster immune resilience and overall health. Future research should continue to address these interactions across diverse populations to develop targeted interventions.

IntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming medical fields, particularly emergency medicine (EM), where timely decision-making is crucial. AI offers potential benefits in diagnostic accuracy, patient care optimization, and workflow efficiency within emergency departments (EDs). Purpose of WorkThis review aims to synthesize recent advancements in AI applications within emergency medicine, focusing on diagnostic support, patient triage, clinical decision support systems (CDSS), and workflow optimization. Additionally, we highlight the potential benefits, challenges, and future directions for AI in EM. Material and MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. We reviewed peer-reviewed articles from 2008 to 2024, focusing on AI-driven solutions in EDs. Keywords included "artificial intelligence," "emergency medicine," "machine learning," and "clinical decision support." Studies were selected based on their relevance to AI applications in EM, diagnostic improvements, and operational efficiency. The results highlight the promising role of AI in improving diagnostic accuracy, reducing overcrowding, optimizing triage processes, and addressing clinician workload. However, challenges like ethical concerns, data bias, and the need for clinical validation remain. Further research is necessary to integrate AI more effectively in clinical practice.

Introduction: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition marked by painful nodules and abscesses. It frequently coexists with autoimmune diseases, complicating management. Autoimmune conditions such as thyroid disorders, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and psoriasis are common in HS patients, necessitating a comprehensive care approach. Aim of the Study: This review evaluates the prevalence and impact of autoimmune diseases—autoimmune thyroid disorders, IBS, SLE, and psoriasis—on individuals with HS. Materials and Methods: A literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from 2018 to 2024 identified studies relevant to HS co-morbidities based on quality and relevance. Results: HS shows significant links with autoimmune thyroid disorders, IBS, SLE, and psoriasis. HS patients often have higher rates of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, IBS, and SLE compared to the general population, suggesting shared inflammatory mechanisms. Conclusion: Recognizing co-morbid autoimmune diseases is vital for effective HS management. These associations emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary approach and further research to enhance understanding and treatment strategies.

Introduction Buerger's disease (BD) is an inflammatory disease with an etiology that is still not fully understood. It involves venous and arterial vessels, of small and medium caliber, of the lower and upper extremities (Cacione et al., 2020). This inflammation predominantly affects young, tobacco-smoking men, usually those before the age of 40. Literature data relating to peripheral arterial disease in general, put the prevalence of BD at between 0.5%-5.6% in Western European countries (Liu et al., 2023; Öztan et al., 2023). In this paper, we summarized the latest literature reports on rare clinical images and new directions in the treatment of Buerger's disease. Aim of the study The purpose of this systematic review was to compile the latest literature on the etiology, atypical disease presentation, associations with other diseases and modern treatment of Buerger's disease. Materials and methods The materials used by our team were obtained from a review of the currently available literature in the PubMed database. To search for articles, we used keywords such as: Buerger’s disease, thromboangiitis obliterans, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, Peripheral arterial disease, vasculitis. Conclusion In addition to its characteristic clinical presentation, Buerger's disease can present under a number of atypical forms. Such examples, less common conditions in the course of BD are intestinal vascular involvement mimicking the condition of acute abdomen, infertility condition due to gonadal involvement in the patient, possible correlation between the level of ASA (anti-sperm antibodies) and reduced fertility, the occurrence of nail lesions, renal complications, including the nephrotic syndrome, ocular or psychiatric manifestations. It is important for the clinician, in the diagnostic and therapeutic process at the onset of the described symptoms, not to exclude the possibility of an uncommon course of BD, to make a correct diagnosis and undertake optimal treatment.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a prevalent condition characterized by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel, leading to motor and sensory dysfunctions primarily in the hand. The advent of high-resolution ultrasound (US) has revolutionized the diagnostic approach to CTS, offering a non-invasive alternative to traditional nerve conduction studies (NCS). This review examines the anatomical foundations of CTS, explores the diagnostic value of ultrasound compared to NCS, and evaluates its role in guiding therapeutic interventions, both conservative and surgical. Recent studies highlight the growing importance of ultrasound in diagnosing CTS and tailoring individualized treatment strategies, with a focus on improving patient outcomes and reducing recovery times. The review also emphasizes advancements in ultrasound-guided surgical techniques, demonstrating improved efficacy and fewer complications in severe cases of CTS.

Introduction: High-grade upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is generally treated with radical nephroureterectomy. Kidney-sparing treatment may be considered in selected patients with imperative indications.Aim: To present the clinical course and 24-month outcome of percutaneous nephroscopic ablation of high-grade UTUC in a patient with a functionally solitary kidney and Lynch syndrome.Materials and Methods: We describe a case of high-grade non-invasive papillary UTUC in a woman in her late seventies who declined radical surgery because it would have resulted in permanent dialysis dependence. Following unsuccessful ureteroscopic management, percutaneous holmium:YAG laser ablation and adjuvant mitomycin C instillation were performed.Results and Discussion: The renal pelvic tumor was macroscopically ablated without major perioperative complications. During intensive surveillance with computed tomography urography, ureterorenoscopy, and selective urinary cytology, no recurrence or progression was detected over 24 months, and renal function remained stable.Conclusion: Percutaneous kidney-sparing treatment may be a feasible option in highly selected imperative cases of high-grade UTUC when radical surgery would result in dialysis dependence. This approach requires multidisciplinary decision-making, careful counseling, and strict long-term surveillance.