In order to better assist the rehabilitation treatment of patients with musculoskeletal injury, standard rehabilitation actions are needed to guide the musculoskeletal rehabilitation process. With more and more urgent demands, the musculoskeletal rehabilitation evaluation systems have attracted a high degree of attention. Experts have proposed a series of systems based on laser, ultrasound, and image, which can give reasonable recognition and judgment. However, these systems either require specialized and expensive equipment or can be affected by ionizing radiation. How to construct a musculoskeletal rehabilitation evaluation system with low cost, good effect, and little injury is still a great challenge. In this article, we propose MSEva, a musculoskeletal rehabilitation evaluation system based on EMG signals. Specifically, the system uses EMG sensors to collect a large amount of data for five rehabilitation actions. Secondly, MSEva uses Wavelet Transform (WT) to extract the signal features and then puts the processed data into the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network for model training. Finally, the system uses the LSTM model to evaluate the normality of the EMG response of rehabilitation actions. The results show that the average accuracy of MSEva reaches 94.37%, which has important evaluation value in guiding the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal patients.

To improve safety in public transportation, a major issue is how to avoid traffic accidents. To this end, a recent report has demonstrated that more than 90% of accidents in the United States were due to drivers’ abnormal behaviors. Relevant to this observation, many recent studies have proposed to use different sensors to monitor drivers’ behaviors and apply learning algorithms to detect abnormal behaviors. Nevertheless, most existing systems are expensive and inconvenient to be deployed or significantly affected by the environment. In this article, we propose and develop a novel and effective solution, namely, SafeDriving, that collects signals from electromyography (EMG) sensors and then utilizes an effective deep-learning model to detect abnormal behaviors in real time. Specifically, we first utilize a wearable EMG sensor that can be attached to a driver’s forearm to collect a large amount of sensing data from human drivers, for which we define five typical abnormal driving behaviors (i.e., fetching forward, picking up, turning the steering wheel sharply, turning back, and touching sunroof) and label each sample accordingly. Next, using the labeled data, we design and train multiple state-of-the-art classifiers to improve the performance of SafeDriving, e.g., convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU). The extensive experiments demonstrate that GRU can lead to the best performance with an average accuracy of 93.94%. Based on this observation, we further investigate other important factors, such as the binding area of the sensor, the tightness of binding, the duration of the sample, etc. The proposed SafeDriving system provides an effective approach to reliably assess drivers’ driving behaviors with affordable commodity sensors and be further used in public safety.

Background: Preoperative prediction of the origin site of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) is critical for the success of operations. However, current methods are not efficient or accurate enough. In addition, among the proposed strategies, there are few good prediction methods for electrocardiogram (ECG) images combined with deep learning aspects. Methods: We propose ECGNet, a new neural network for the classification of 12-lead ECG images. In ECGNet, 609 ECG images from 310 patients who had undergone successful surgery in the Division of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, are utilized to construct the dataset. We adopt dense blocks, special convolution kernels and divergent paths to improve the performance of ECGNet. In addition, a new loss function is designed to address the sample imbalance situation, whose cause is the uneven distribution of cases themselves, which often occurs in the medical field. We also conduct extensive experiments in terms of network prediction accuracy to compare ECGNet with other networks, such as ResNet and DarkNet. Results: Our ECGNet achieves extremely high prediction accuracy (91.74%) and efficiency with very small datasets. Our newly proposed loss function can solve the problem of sample imbalance during the training process. Conclusion: The proposed ECGNet can quickly and accurately realize the multiclassification of PVCs after training with little data. Our network has the potential to be helpful to doctors with a preoperative diagnosis of PVCs. We will continue to collect similar cases and perfect our network structure to further improve the accuracy of our network's prediction.

Every year, over 4700 traffic fatalities and 75000 crash injuries involve pedestrians in the United States. Effective solutions are urgently needed to prevent vehicle–pedestrian collision accidents. Many driving assistance systems are proposed to address this problem; however, they require additional infrastructures that may result in higher costs and be difficult to deploy on a large scale. In this article, we propose SafePath, which uses the ubiquitous smartphones to avoid vehicle–pedestrian collision. Specifically, SafePath utilizes the smartphones to broadcast the redesigned service set identifier (SSID) messages containing users’ information (e.g., location, direction, etc.) and scan the surroundings via wireless communications. Considering the limited communication range and the possible interference, and obstruction of obstacles, we propose a collaborative mechanism to enhance the transmission capability, hence predicting the collisions in advance effectively. We also design a risk evaluation scheme to calculate the probability of accidents and inform users to take actions against accidents at different levels. We implement SafePath on the Android platform and conduct extensive real-road experiments to evaluate the system performance. The experimental results demonstrate that SafePath can provide twice the transmission range compared with other collision-avoiding systems. Moreover, it also can significantly reduce the probability of vehicle–pedestrian collisions by up to 81.4%, with respect to other compared collision-avoiding systems in our real-road test.

Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are irregularities in heart rhythm where the ventricles contract earlier than expected, disrupting the normal cardiac cycle. Identifying the origin of PVCs before surgery is crucial as it can reduce operation duration, lower radiation exposure, and potentially enhance ablation success rates. Current detection methods face limitations in accuracy and data processing, often requiring large datasets and complex interpretations. This study presents PVCsNet, a deep-learning network specifically designed for classifying premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) in ECG images. It incorporates residual structures and attention mechanisms to enhance classification performance. PVCsNet consists of four 3×3 convolutional layers as feature extractors, followed by residual connections and attention blocks. This design enables the network to map image features to class probability distributions, enhancing performance even with limited data. Our experimental results demonstrate that using the SE Block with MaxPool and a ratio of 4, PVCsNet achieves an overall accuracy of 94.49%, with high precision in critical categories and a moderate parameter size. We successfully categorize the data into six distinct classes based on their origin locations in the heart: right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), papillary muscle (PM), valvular annulus (VA), summit, and His-Purkinje system (HPS). Among these, RVOT is the most common and crucial origin of PVCs. PM and HPS are also significant origins due to their clinical implications. This study demonstrates the potential of PVCsNet in clinical diagnostics, providing promising results in classifying ECG images and contributing to future medical research and diagnosis.