In this work, as a new strategy, ultrasound/H2O2/MOF system was firstly applied by environmental-benign Fe-MOFs (MIL-53, MIL-88B and MIL-101) for tetracycline hydrochloride removal. The syntheticFe-MOFs were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, XPS, N2 sorption-desorption isotherms and CO-FTIR. MIL-88B demonstrated the best catalytic performance because of its highest amount of Lewis acid sites. Influencing factors, contrast experiment, and corresponding dynamics were carried out to obtain the best experimental conditions and reaction system. Under optimal conditions ([Tetracyclinehydrochloride] = 10 mg/L, [MIL-88B] = 0.3 g/L, [H2O2] = 44 mM, [ultrasound power] = 60 W, and pH = 5.0), the-first-order kinetic rate constant k was calculated to be 0.226 min-1, higher than the simple combination of the ultrasound system (0.004) and MIL-88B/H2O2 system (0.163), indicating the importance of synergistic effect between ultrasound and Fenton reaction. EPR test and quenching experiment proved that ·OH is mainly responsible for tetracycline hydrochloride removal. The major reaction path is the adsorption and decomposition of H2O2 by coordinative unsaturated iron sites on Fe-MOF, but it is not the only path. The direct decomposition of H2O2 and the cavitation effect caused by ultrasound also contribute to the generation of OH.

Hydrophilic pervaporation (PV) membranes with ultrahigh throughput and outstanding separation ability are highly beneficial for efficient separation of aqueous mixtures. However, it is still challenging to obtain high selectivity without compromising water permeation flux for state-of-the-art PV membranes. Herein, a sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) covalently linked graphene oxide (GO) membrane is developed via a facile vacuum filtration process on a nylon substrate followed by heat treatment. During the membrane fabrication process, ester groups form through the dehydration condensation reaction between –COOH from the SSA and –OH from the GO. The resultant graphene oxide framework (GOF), with well-defined two dimensional nanocapillaries functionalised by unreacted –SO₃H, features enhanced hydrophilicity and remarkable swelling resistance, leading to excellent separation performance with ultrahigh water permeation fluxes and precise molecular sieving properties towards both dehydration of alcohol and desalination. This research provides a strategy to dramatically enhance the performance by adding unreacted, additional functional groups into the GOF membranes.

Two-dimensional (2D) lamellar membranes have shown great potential in efficient molecular separations. However, the development of membranes with both high permeability and selectivity using traditional single-spacing channels is still challenging. In this study, a high-performance heterostructured membrane with fusiform transport channels using carbon nanotubes as spacing tailors among MXene layers is explored, where the combination of narrow “gate” for blocking the guest molecules and wide slit-like pathway for fast permeation are constructed. Based on the synergistic effects of hierarchical transport channels, a high rejection for molecules larger than 1 nm and ultrahigh water permeation (1270 L m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹, which is about 3.4 times that of a pure MXene membrane) are achieved. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations reveal that water molecules transport with an ordered alignment within the confined channels, facilitating the fast diffusion and transport of aggregates. This facile and scalable approach of constructing hierarchical channels in 2D membranes can demonstrate the potential for accelerating transport and separation processes.