As a major contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions, the building sector plays a pivotal role in achieving carbon peaking and neutrality targets. This study systematically reviews the evolution of research on building stock energy conservation and emission reduction (BSECER) from 1992 to 2025, which is based on a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 2643 publications. The analysis highlights the research contributions of countries, institutions, and scholars in the BSECER field, reveals patterns in collaborative networks, and identifies the development and shifting focus of research topics over time. The findings indicate that current BSECER research centers around four main areas: behavioral efficiency optimization, full life cycle carbon management, urban system transformation, and the integration of intelligent technologies, which collectively form a multiscale emission reduction framework from individual behavior to large-scale systems. Building on these insights, this study outlines five key future research directions: advancing comprehensive carbon neutrality technologies, accelerating the engineering application of intelligent technologies, developing innovative multi-scenario policy simulation tools, overcoming integration challenges in renewable energy systems, and establishing an interdisciplinary platform that links health, behavior, and energy conservation.

Ground-received solar radiation is affected by several meteorological and air pollution factors. Previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of meteorological factors on solar radiation, but research on the influence of air pollutants is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the effects of air pollution characteristics on solar radiation. Meteorological data, air quality index (AQI) data, and data on the concentrations of six air pollutants (O₃, CO, SO₂, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and NO₂) in nine cities in China were considered for analysis. A city model (model-C) based on the data of each city and a unified model (model-U) based on national data were established, and the key pollutants under these conditions were identified. Correlation analysis was performed between each pollutant and the daily global solar radiation. The correlation between O₃ and daily global solar radiation was the highest (r = 0.575), while that between SO₂ and daily global solar radiation was the lowest. Further, AQI and solar radiation were negatively correlated, while some pollution components (e.g., O₃) were positively correlated with the daily global solar radiation. Different key pollutants affected the solar radiation in each city. In Shenyang and Guangzhou, the driving effect of particles on the daily global solar radiation was stronger than that of pollutants. However, there were no key pollutants that affect solar radiation in Shanghai. Furthermore, the prediction performance of model-U was not as good as that of model-C. The model-U showed a good performance for Urumqi (R² = 0.803), while the difference between the two models was not particularly significant in other areas. This study provides significant insights to improve the accuracy of regional solar radiation prediction and fill the gap regarding the absence of long-term solar radiation monitoring data in some areas.

Understanding the regional distribution characteristics of ecological service values (ESV) and their driving factors can provide background information and scientific basis for regional environmental protection policy. This paper adopted the revised equivalent factor method to calculate the ESV of Sichuan province in 2015 and 2020, and the spatial distribution and variation characteristics of the ESV were identified accordingly. Then, the structural equation model (SEM) was used to explore the effects of socioeconomic factors on ESVs in Sichuan Province. The results show that the ESV in Sichuan Province increased by 2521.45 million USD during the period, an increase of approximately 0.67%. The western area had higher ESV values compared to the eastern area, with eastern Sichuan showing a downward trend and the cities in western Sichuan showing an upward trend. The factors of population, affluence, and science and technology can indirectly affect ESV through affecting land use and cover, and this indirect effect is stronger than the direct effect on regional ESV. Among them, the effect of population is the strongest, followed by affluence, and science and technology is the weakest. The result of this paper also suggests that it is necessary to propose differentiated ecological protection policies in eastern and western Sichuan Province to achieve the coordinated development of society, economy, and environment.