A substantial proportion of long-distance oil and gas pipelines in China traverse active faults and high-risk areas characterised by intricate topographic and geological environments. These pipelines are susceptible to a range of safety concerns, exacerbated by the increasing frequency of strong earthquakes in recent years. To address this issue, a comprehensive risk investigation framework has been proposed for long-distance oil and gas pipelines following seismic events. This initiative aims to ensure the safety of pipeline transportation. In this paper, the elements of pipeline safety evaluation under the influence of coseismic hazards are first organized, followed by a construction of post-earthquake pipeline safety rapid assessment theoretical framework based on the seismic geological disaster risk evaluation system. Each method in the system is then introduced one by one. Unlike existing studies that predominantly focus on localized fault activity or static risk assessment, our framework introduces three key innovations: (1) a hierarchical integration of multi-source monitoring data (SCADA, UAV-AI, and numerous monitoring devices) into a unified GIS platform, overcoming the fragmentation of existing systems; (2) a dynamic four-step evaluation process (susceptibility → hazard → risk → safety) that incorporates both pre-earthquake geological conditions and post-earthquake real-time triggers (e.g., PGA, rainfall); (3) a novel risk matrix mechanism for pipeline safety, which dynamically updates risk levels based on field monitoring data rather than relying solely on probabilistic models. This study provides a novel theoretical framework for assessing the safety of pipelines after earthquakes, which can provide a timely basis for pipeline management decisions and reduce the potential damage to pipelines caused by earthquakes. It is important to note that this framework is still in a preliminary stage and needs to be continuously deepened and optimised.

The physical and mechanical properties of granular soils are strongly related to the overlying stresses to which they are subjected. In particular, during the engineering construction phase, which involves activities like foundation stacking and building construction, the applied loads on the soil increase continuously over time. Unfortunately, current stress-controlled compression geotechnical tests have not adequately considered this situation. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effects of various factors, including void ratio, confining stress, stress loading rate, and particle shape, on both macroscopic shear properties and microscopic characteristics of granular soils under conditions of increasing axial stress in biaxial compression numerical simulations. The results show that: (1) In stress-controlled tests on granular soils, samples exhibit three different shear behaviors as the void ratio varies; (2) the confining stress and particle shape will change the magnitude of the deviatoric stresses and axial strains in the peak state of the sample, but not their trends; (3) the stress loading rate does not affect the strength of the samples. Therefore, the loading rate can be increased appropriately to improve the computational efficiency of the numerical model. These findings will enhance understanding of the time-dependent behavior of granular soils and provide valuable insights for engineering applications, particularly in soil mechanics, foundation treatment, and slope stability.

Traditional methods for assessing the risk to linear engineering projects (e.g., pipelines, railways, power transmission lines, etc.) from landslides are constrained by the need for prior prediction of specific landslide geometries. This leads to complex processes and uncertain outcomes. This study proposes a fundamental paradigm shift: employing slope units as stable assessment units and directly evaluating their probability of overall instability as the hazard indicator. Furthermore, for the linear engineering segment traversing a given unit, its vulnerability and failure consequences can be predetermined and uniquely defined within the unit based on engineering attributes (e.g., crossing type, structural design parameters, socio-economic value), forming a "fixed-parameter" system. Consequently, the risk to linear engineering projects under landslide influence is simplified into a standardized formula: Unit Risk = Unit Landslide Probability (predicted) × Unit Linear Engineering Vulnerability (fixed) × Unit Linear Engineering Failure Consequence (fixed). The core advantages of this model lie in its generality and efficiency: 1) It is applicable to all types of mountainous linear engineering projects including pipelines, roads, railways, and transmission lines; 2) It is equally suitable for forward-looking risk assessment during the planning and design phase as well as for rapid risk screening during operation and maintenance; 3) By encapsulating complex uncertainties within the probabilistic assessment of the slope unit while standardizing vulnerability and consequence parameters, it transforms the evaluation process from "case-by-case judgment" to "standardized calculation". This method offers a promising novel pathway toward standardized and rapid assessment for managing the risk to linear engineering projects under landslide influence, holding significant application potential, particularly for the preliminary screening and systematic comparison of risks to long-distance projects under the influence of geohazards.

Male circumcision (MC) has been shown to reduce the risk of male genital diseases. MC is not commonly practiced among Chinese males and little is known about the factors associated with their knowledge of and willingness for MC. This study was to explore the knowledge regarding the foreskin among Chinese males and to identify factors associated with their willingness to undergo circumcision. A total of 237 patients with redundant prepuce/phimosis were interviewed through face-to-face interviews. The items on the questionnaire included: demographics, an objective scale assessing knowledge about the foreskin, willingness to have MC, the attitudes of sexual partners and doctors toward redundant prepuce/phimosis, and the approaches that patients used to acquire knowledge regarding the prepuce. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed to identify factors that are associated with willingness to be circumcised (WTC). A total of 212 patients completed the interview. Multivariable logistic regression showed that three factors were significantly associated with WTC: being married (OR = 0.43), perceiving redundant prepuce/phimosis as a disease (OR = 1.93), and if a patient’s partner supported MC (OR = 1.39). 58% (n = 122) had received information about the foreskin from another party: 18% (n = 37) from school, 8% (n = 17) from family, 17% (n = 36) from friends, 27% (n = 57) from health care providers. About 4% (n = 8) believed that their partners disliked their redundant prepuce/phimosis. 20% (n = 42) had received doctors’ advice to undergo circumcision. Knowledge about the foreskin was low among Chinese males. Our study elucidates the factors associated with WTC and suggests that more education of the population about the foreskin can help improve the recognition of a correctible abnormality and help patients assess the potential role of MC in their health.

Regional landslide risk assessment for lifeline infrastructure has long been constrained by case-by-case judgement and prior assumptions regarding specific landslide geometries, making regional-scale evaluation difficult to standardize and compare. This problem becomes particularly urgent after earthquakes or intense rainfall, when managers need to rapidly identify high-risk infrastructure sections and prioritize limited inspection and emergency-response resources. In response to this methodological challenge, this technical note proposes a standardized slope-unit-based framework for regional landslide risk assessment of lifeline infrastructure under landslide conditions. Rather than repeatedly defining individual landslide scenarios, the framework adopts the slope unit as a common spatial carrier and reorganizes the risk problem into three components: landslide hazard, engineering vulnerability, and failure consequence. Landslide hazard is represented by the predicted probability of overall slope instability, whereas engineering vulnerability and failure consequence are treated as relatively fixed attributes within the assessment period. On this basis, regional landslide risk is reformulated as: Unit Risk = Unit Landslide Probability × Unit Engineering Vulnerability × Unit Failure Consequence. By shifting the assessment logic from repeated site-specific judgement to standardized unit-based calculation, the proposed framework provides a methodological basis for rapid post-earthquake and post-rainfall risk screening, regional comparison, and decision support for inspection, monitoring, mitigation, and emergency management of long-distance lifeline infrastructure in mountainous areas.