Objective: To determine antioxidant activity and phytochemical content from various tubers extracts of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and to explore the correlation of phytochemical content with their antioxidant activities. Methods: Antioxidant activities were tested using DPPH and FRAP assays. Total phenolic was calculated by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, flavonoid content by Chang’s method and correlation with their antioxidant activities were analyzed by Pearson’s method. Results: PO2 showed highest antioxidant activity, which had the lowest IC₅₀ DPPH (10.54 μg/mL) and the lowest EC₅₀ FRAP (11.14 μg/mL). PO2 showed the highest total phenolic (11.91 g GAE/100 g) and total flavonoid content (17.83 g QE/100 g). There were significantly negative correlation between total phenolic content and flavonoid content in sample PO with their IC₅₀ DPPH and EC₅₀ FRAP. IC₅₀ DPPH of sample PP and PO showed significantly positive correlation with their EC₅₀ FRAP. Conclusions: Result of DPPH method shows that all different ethyl acetate and ethanolic tubers extracts of four varieties of sweet potato are classified as strong and very strong antioxidant. Result of DPPH and FRAP methods indicates that phenolic and flavonoid compounds in sample PO contributes together to antioxidant activities. Antioxidant activities of sample PP and PO by DPPH method are linear to FRAP method.

This article provides an overview of Ipomoea batatas L., the Ipomoea genus. The review covers traditional uses, nutritional value, phytochemical compounds, pharmacological activities, and toxicity studies. Data were collected from scientific databases and search engines. Sweet potatoes are used in various countries for traditional uses such as dietary fiber sources, treating allergies, and providing energy in diabetes mellitus treatment. The primary phytochemical compounds in Ipomoea batatas are phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids. Sweet potato contains several nutritional constituents: vitamin C, protein, fiber, carbohydrates, β-carotene, and minerals. Sweet potato exhibits various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory. The types of phytochemical compounds in each part of the plant are different. Each pharmacological activity and mechanism of action depends on the phytochemical compounds, part and variety of the plant, and extraction solvent. However, further study is required to investigate the chronic toxicity of Ipomoea batatas.

Objective: Astaxanthin is one of the natural carotenoids with strong antioxidant characteristics which is widely used in skin care. The aim of this study was developed to formulate and characterize the antioxidant serum containing astaxanthin nanoemulsion and the diffusion rate studies using diffusion Franz method. Methods: Astaxanthin nanoemulsion (As-NE) was prepared by using the self-nanoemulsifying method, followed by incorporation into serum preparation with the using carbomer as a gelling agent. Evaluation of serum As-NE was performed by physical, chemical characterizations and diffusion assay. Stability study was carried out in both accelerated (temperature of 40±2 °C/75±5%RH) and non-accelerated (at ambient temperature) conditions. Results: These results suggest that antioxidant serum As-NE had good physical and chemical characteristics that are suitable for topical administration. Conclusion: For the study of diffusion and stability under different storage conditions, it was proven that antioxidant serum As-NE form was packed in a carbomer as a gelling agent that could enhance the stability and diffusion rate of the astaxanthin.

Previous research has shown that fractions outperformed extracts in pharmacological activity and safety. This study assessed the total phenol and flavonoid content, as well as antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory (XOI) activities, of purple-orange sweet potato extracts, fractions, and subfractions. Using UV-visible spectrophotometry, the leaves showed the highest values for total phenol, flavonoid, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) assays, and XOI activity. The sequential extraction of the leaves yielded ethyl acetate extract as the most potent, with a yield of 10.4%, a DPPH assay result of 511.212 ± 0.416 mg ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC)/g, and XOI activity of 45.192 ± 4.981 mg allopurinol equivalent xanthine inhibitory capacity (AEXIC)/g. CF5 had the greatest DPPH assay (158.475 ± 0.170 mg AEAC/g), FRAP assay (86.849 ± 0.048 mg AEAC/g), CUPRAC assay (1008.892 ± 1.620 mg AEAC/g), and XOI activity (6.062 ± 1.730 mg AEXIC/g) values. Subfraction CSF3 from fraction CF5 was analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS and revealed the presence of compounds such as cholest-4-en-3-one, 4-hydroxy-6-[2-(2-methyl-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl) ethyl] oxan-2-one, tangeritin, 4-methyl benzophenone, benzophenone, (+)-ar-turmerone, 4-methoxycinnamic acid, and ricinine. This study was the first to report xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in allopurinol equivalence. The leaves of the purple-orange sweet potato showed potential as a source of natural antioxidants.

Diabetes melitus merupakan suatu penyakit kelainan metabolik yang ditandai dengan tingginya kadar glukosa darah. Pengobatan diabetes dapat dilakukan melalui pengobatan tradisional yang berasal dari alam seperti daun pohpohan (Pilea trinervia Wight.) yang mana dapat meminimalisir efek samping dari pengobatan konvensional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dosis dengan perbedaan pelarut terbaik dalam penurunan angka glukosa darah. Induksi menggunakan aloksan dengan mencit sebagai binatang percobaannya. Pengecekan kadar glukosa darah puasa dilakukan pada hari ke 0, 7, dan 14 dengan menggunakan glukometer. Dosis nheksana yang digunakan sebesar 0,83 mg/20 gram BB mencit, etil asetat 1,6 mg/20 gram BB, dan etanol 70% 2,9 mg/20 gram BB pemberian dilakukan secara oral setiap hari sampai hari ke 14. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan dengan variasi pelarut, daun pohpohan dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah puasa terbaik pada ekstrak etanol 70% sebesar 61,10 %

Objectives: The study aims to determine the analgesic activity of beluntas radix infusion. Method: The research used 25 of male mice. The mice were divided into five groups, which are negative control, positive control, and three testing groups (in different doses). Fifteen minutes after infusion of beluntas radix per oral, the mice were given the acetic acid 0.7% i.p. The cumulative writhe was calculated in every 5 minutes for one hour and was counted for the protection and the effectivity percentage. Results and Discussions: Beluntas radix infusion of doses 9.75 mg/20 g, 19.5 mg/20 g and 29.25 mg/20 g of body weight decreased the writhing responses significantly (p<0.05) compared with the control. Each doses gave the protection percentage 55.8%, 64.2% and 77.5% and the effectivity percentage 113.4%, 130.5% and 157.5%. Conclusion: Analgesic activity of beluntas radix infusion is influenced by dose level. Test dose III (29.25 mg / 20 g BW of mice) has the best activity.