Given the tremendous success of the Internet of Things in interconnecting consumer devices, we observe a natural trend to likewise interconnect devices in industrial settings, referred to as Industrial Internet of Things or Industry 4.0. While this coupling of industrial components provides many benefits, it also introduces serious security challenges. Although sharing many similarities with the consumer Internet of Things, securing the Industrial Internet of Things introduces its own challenges but also opportunities, mainly resulting from a longer lifetime of components and a larger scale of networks. In this paper, we identify the unique security goals and challenges of the Industrial Internet of Things, which, unlike consumer deployments, mainly follow from safety and productivity requirements. To address these security goals and challenges, we provide a comprehensive survey of research efforts to secure the Industrial Internet of Things, discuss their applicability, and analyze their security benefits.

Increasing volatilities within power transmission and distribution force power grid operators to amplify their use of communication infrastructure to monitor and control their grid. The resulting increase in communication creates a larger attack surface for malicious actors. Indeed, cyber attacks on power grids have already succeeded in causing temporary, large-scale blackouts in the recent past. In this paper, we analyze the communication infrastructure of power grids to derive resulting fundamental challenges of power grids with respect to cybersecurity. Based on these challenges, we identify a broad set of resulting attack vectors and attack scenarios that threaten the security of power grids. To address these challenges, we propose to rely on a defense-in-depth strategy, which encompasses measures for (i) device and application security, (ii) network security, and (iii) physical security, as well as (iv) policies, procedures, and awareness. For each of these categories, we distill and discuss a comprehensive set of state-of-the art approaches, as well as identify further opportunities to strengthen cybersecurity in interconnected power grids.

In the near future, the Internet of Things is expected to penetrate all aspects of the physical world, including homes and urban spaces. In order to handle the massive amount of data that becomes collectible and to offer services on top of this data, the most convincing solution is the federation of the Internet of Things and cloud computing. Yet, the wide adoption of this promising vision, especially for application areas such as pervasive health care, assisted living, and smart cities, is hindered by severe privacy concerns of the individual users. Hence, user acceptance is a critical factor to turn this vision into reality.To address this critical factor and thus realize the cloud-based Internet of Things for a variety of different application areas, we present our comprehensive approach to privacy in this envisioned setting. We allow an individual user to enforce all her privacy requirements before any sensitive data is uploaded to the cloud, enable developers of cloud services to integrate privacy functionality already into the development process of cloud services, and offer users a transparent and adaptable interface for configuring their privacy requirements. Observation: Adoption of cloud-based IoT is hindered by severe privacy concerns.We protect potentially sensitive data before it is uploaded to the cloud.We support service developers in developing privacy functionality for a service.We shift decisions about privacy from developers and providers to users.We provide users with a transparent and adaptable interface for configuring privacy.

New levels of cross-domain collaboration between manufacturing companies throughout the supply chain are anticipated to bring benefits to both suppliers and consumers of products. Enabling a fine-grained sharing and analysis of data among different stakeholders in an automated manner, such a vision of an Internet of Production (IoP) introduces demanding challenges to the communication, storage, and computation infrastructure in production environments. In this work, we present three example cases that would benefit from an IoP (a fine blanking line, a high pressure die casting process, and a connected job shop) and derive requirements that cannot be met by today's infrastructure. In particular, we identify three orthogonal research objectives: (i) real-time control of tightly integrated production processes to offer seamless low-latency analysis and execution, (ii) storing and processing heterogeneous production data to support scalable data stream processing and storage, and (iii) secure privacy-aware collaboration in production to provide a basis for secure industrial collaboration. Based on a discussion of state-of-the-art approaches for these three objectives, we create a blueprint for an infrastructure acting as an enabler for an IoP.