Large-scale wireless sensor networks are characterized by stringent energy and computation restrictions. It is exceedingly difficult to change a sensor network’s environment configurations, such as the number of sensor nodes, after deployment of the nodes. Although several simulators are able to variously construct simulation models for sensor networks before their deployment, the configurations should be modified with extra human effort as the simulators cannot freely generate diverse models. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, called a system entity structure and model base for large-scale wireless sensor networks (WSN-SES/MB), which is based on discrete event system specification formalism. Our proposed framework synthesizes the structure and models for sensor networks through our modeling construction process. The proposed framework achieves time and cost savings in constructing discrete event simulation-based models. In addition, the framework increases the diversity of simulation models by the process’s pruning algorithm. The simulation results validate that the proposed framework provides up to 8% time savings and up to 23% cost savings as compared to the manual extra effort.

Security administrators of companies and organizations need to come up with proper countermeasures against cyber-attacks considering infrastructures and security policies in their possession. In order to develop and verify such countermeasures, the administrators should be able to reenact both cyber-attacks and defenses. Simulations can be useful for the reenactment by overcoming its limitations including high risk and cost. If the administrators are able to design various scenarios of cyber-attacks and to develop simulation models from their viewpoints, they can simulate desired situations and observe the results more easily. It is challenging to simulate cyber-security issues, because there is lack of theoretical basis for modeling a wide range of the security field as well as pre-defined basic components used to model cyber-attacks. In this paper, we propose a modeling method for cyber-security simulations by developing a basic component and a composite model, called Abstracted Cyber-Security Unit Model (ACSUM) and Abstracted Cyber-security SIMulation model (ACSIM), respectively. The proposed models are based on DEVS(Discrete Event systems Specification) formalism, a modeling theory for discrete event simulations. We develop attack scenarios by sequencing attack behaviors using ACSUMs and then model ACSIMs by combining and abstracting the ACSUMs from a security perspective. The concepts of ACSUM and ACSIM enable the security administrators to simulate numerous cyber-security issues from their viewpoints. As a case study, we model a worm scenario using ACSUM and simulate three types of simulation models based on ACSIM from a different security perspective.

Computer vehicle simulators are used to model real-world situations to overcome time and cost limitations. The vehicle simulators provide virtual scenarios for real-world driving. Although the existing simulators precisely observe movement on the basis of good-quality graphics, they focus on a few driving vehicles instead of accident simulation. In addition, it is difficult to represent vehicle collisions. We propose a vehicle crash simulator with simulation and animation components. The proposed simulator synthesizes and simulates models of vehicles and environments. The simulator animates corresponding to the simulation through the execution results. The simulation results validate that the proposed simulator provides collision and non-collision results according to the speed of two vehicles at an intersection.