Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse the factors influencing intention to adopt 3D design digital technologies (3DDTs) by Colombian firms.Design/methodology/approach: A conceptual framework was developed using technology-organization-environment (TOE) and technology acceptance model (TAM) theoretical frameworks. From a sample of 138 firms, a structural equation model was analysed with partial least squares (SEM-PLS).Findings: The study identified that perceived usefulness in the technological dimension; technological competence and top management support in the organizational dimension; and competitive pressures in the environmental dimension, are variables affecting intention to adopt 3DDT. The effects of the mediating variables with respect to intention to adopt the technology are also analysed, such as perceived usefulness on the effect of ease of use; top management support on the effect of technological competence and financial readiness; and competitive pressures on the effect of stakeholder pressure. The model explained 71.1% of the 3DDT intention to adopt.Practical implications: The model can be used as a guideline to ensure a positive outcome of the 3DDT adoption in organizations. The results could be useful to understand a technological adoption process for digital transformation.Originality/value: The proposed model integrates some contributions from the TAM and TOE theories and identifies some novel mediating effects that improve its predictive and explanatory power. Furthermore, this is a pioneering study in empirical research on 3DDT in the context of a developing country, specifically in Colombia. The findings from this study provide a foundation for other studies, as well as constructive insights for digital transformation, due to its infancy in an emerging economy.

One major problem with cacao crops is the variability of plantings obtained from seeds. This has led to considering somatic embryogenesis (SE), a means of obtaining stable clones with minimal somaclonal variation; however, achieving this has not been possible with many genotypes. In this work, we used IMC67 genotype (rootstock in the traditional grafting process) to evaluated various SE protocols; four culture media for induction and expression primary embryogenesis (PSE): induction medium (INDI), expression medium (INDIEXP), primary callus induction medium (PCG), and secondary callus growth medium (SCG), as well as two explants (petal and staminode). Different culture times for PSE (15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65 days) and SSE (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70, 80 days) were evaluated in terms of callus formation, PSE, and SSE. For acclimation, seven substrates were evaluated for plantlet survival. One hundred percent callogenesis was achieved at 50 days with the staminode in INDI, and the most PSE per explant (8) in INDIexp was achieved at 45 days. Secondary somatic embryogenesis (SSE) obtained the most globular and cotyledonary embryos (30) at 30 days in callus multiplication (CM2). The embryos achieved conversion and development into plantlets in maturation medium (MM6). Embryogenic efficiency from explants was 11.7 for PSE, and 15.2 for SSE. Acclimation obtained a 42.1% survival rate in the 70% sand- 30% soil substrate. This work reports a complete regeneration protocol via somatic embryogenesis up to plantlet development in a nursey for the IMC67 rootstock genotype; contributing to standardizing a high-quality plant production system.

Theobroma cacao L. y sus productos se consumen en todo el mundo. Esos productos son de gran interés para la investigación debido a las propiedades antioxidantes de algunos de sus componentes polifenólicos. La cantidad de estos polifenoles y polisacáridos ha demostrado que puede interferir con la alta calidad y cantidad de ácidos nucleicos para la investigación molecular. Por lo tanto, los protocolos de extracción de ADN de cacao pueden requerir una gran cantidad de material vegetal y tiempo de optimización de acuerdo con la fuente de origen del material vegetal. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad y la cantidad de ADN aislado de hojas de plantas de campo en diferentes etapas de desarrollo a partir del genotipo TSH565 utilizando diferentes protocolos de extracción de ADN. Además, se evaluó el protocolo de extracción de ADN para una pequeña cantidad de tejido foliar joven recogido de plántulas in vitro de genotipo CCN51 y TSH565. Posteriormente, se evaluó la selectividad de diferentes enzimas polimerasas para la amplificación por PCR usando el ADN obtenido. Este estudio reveló que la etapa D del desarrollo foliar en condiciones de campo fue eficiente para la extracción de ADN genómico de alta calidad usando el kit PowerPlant® Pro modificado (183.80 ng.μL-1 (1.98 A260 / A280-1.98 A260 / A230)). Las concentraciones más altas de ADN se obtuvieron para FPL con 128.68 ng.μL-1 y 114.42 ng.μL-1 para CCN51 y TSH565, respectivamente y con IVL, que se obtuvo 54.24 ng.μL-1 para CCN51 y 56.52 ng.μL-1 para TSH565 por 0.1 g de tejido foliar. Taq ADN polimerasa recombinante de Thermo Scientific® mostró el mayor rendimiento específicamente para este estudio, lo que contribuye a la amplificación indudable de marcadores moleculares como los microsatélites (SSR). Los resultados obtenidos han permitido mejoras en análisis genéticos y estudios moleculares utilizando una cantidad reducida de tejido vegetal.