The cryptocurrency market is not regulated, people and companies wishing to invest in cryptocurrency do not have the same protection as when investing in other assets. In the absence of information and regulatory laws, investors should decide if cryptocurrencies make sense for their financial goals and what kind of investment strategy to choose not to go bankrupt. The aim of the study is to determine the probability of “tail events” and to assess in this way the probability of bankruptcy when investing in cryptocurrency using the Monte Carlo method. The analysis is carried out on the period from September 1, 2014 up to July 1, 2022. Despite the fact that today there are more than 10,000 types of cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin was chosen to assess the probability of bankruptcy. The reason is that Bitcoin is the world’s first decentralized cryptocurrency and its data is stored in a long-term history, which allows testing a long-term investment strategy. Besides, Bitcoin has not gone through a period of persistent inflation that makes the result of testing a short-term investment strategy more reliable. To date, there are around 25 million Bitcoin holders, representing 42.2% of the crypto market. Almost all cryptocurrencies have been proven to follow Bitcoin. The probability of bankruptcy for a short-term cryptocurrency investment strategy is about 17%-23%. For a long-term cryptocurrency investment strategy, the probability of bankruptcy fluctuates from 13% to 16%. Contrary to popular belief, investors looking to avoid bankruptcy should prefer a long-term strategy. The best way for cryptocurrency investors to protect themselves from bankruptcy is to alternate long and short investment periods.

With the emergence of the global COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, a process of transformation of the modern economic system took place, which requires new approaches to assessing economic processes. One of such processes is the assessment of public welfare. The purpose of this study is to develop an approach to assessing the level of public welfare of the population of Ukraine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and economy digitalization. To solve this problem, the methods of artificial intelligence, in particular the method of fuzzy sets theory, which allows using the incomplete information and making high-quality forecast calculations, are used. The factors influencing the level of public welfare during the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified. These are the following factors: gross domestic product, poverty rate, welfare index, human development index, subsistence level, and indicators that characterize the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e. the total number of COVID-19 cases, the total number of deaths from COVID-19, and the total number of vaccinations from COVID-19 in Ukraine). Using fuzzy sets theory, an economic-mathematical model for assessing the level of public welfare in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine was built. Two-dimensional dependences of the level of public welfare of Ukraine in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic on indicators such as gross domestic product, subsistence level, and the total number of cases of COVID-19 in Ukraine were obtained. The results of the study established that the level of public welfare in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic on the 0-100 scale is predicted to be as follows points: 2021 – 17, 2022 – 23, 2023 – 27, 2024 – 19, 2025 – 35 and will not meet international standards.

The article aims to substantiate the relationship between the components of corporate social responsibility in business (CSR) during the economic integration of the GUAM member countries on the principles of sustainable development. We used the questioning to determine the structural elements of CSR of the GUAM member countries and econometrically analyzed the level of development of CSR for each country. The GUAM countries' hierarchical structure of CSR business was established using the Granger causality test and the graph method. This study proves that in times of crisis, along with economic responsibility, a fundamental role is played by national responsibility in ensuring justice, equality, and peace (for Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Moldova). And in the conditions of a full-scale war (in the example of Ukraine), national responsibility, responsibility in ensuring justice and equality, and peace are more significant than economic responsibility. The conclusions obtained are practical and may help develop strategies for effective economic cooperation between countries within the framework of GUAM.

This article is devoted to the study of trends in the management of global economic development in the post-pandemic period. The paper developed recommendations for further development of countries in the context of the recurrence of pandemics. With this in mind, the main trends in the development of countries during the pandemic were considered and the impact of quarantine on the economies of various countries was determined. To model the future actions of states, based on studies of the historical preconditions for the development of countries in the post-crisis period, the basic patterns were identified, allowing to predict different scenarios of world economic development. The article introduces a forecasting method of global economic development based on the quadrant of trust and affluence of the population, which allows predicting various options for post-pandemic development according to four possible scenarios. The first option is a rapid V-shaped growth, which is based on the fact that with a sufficient level of public confidence in the government, as soon as the quarantine restrictions expire, the economy will gain momentum. The second one is the long-term U-shaped growth, which is expected to take place in terms of insufficient public confidence in the government, with a population reluctant to invest in economic growth. The third one is the L-shaped development, which does not provide for economic recovery in the short run due to public distrust and the impossibility of business recovery. Finally, the fourth scenario is the worst one: it's the way of development, that occurs in case of impossibility of survival and complete distrust to the government; the population will be forced to organize protests and revolutions, thus making the economy operate even worse. According to the expectations of international regulators, V or U-shaped recovery of the world economy after the COVID-19 pandemic is expected nowadays. Most businessmen believe that post-pandemic development will be U-shaped. To improve the mechanisms of managing the development of world economies, the directions of development are proposed focused not on capitalist, but social goals. The state should occupy an important place in this process acting as a guarantor of efficient allocation of resources and providing social guarantees to the population during possible further cataclysms.

The purpose of this research was to conceptually substantiate an effective business digitalization strategy in Eastern Europe (EE), taking into account the identification of destructive and complementary factors of digital transformation (DT). The survey, completed by top managers of companies from different sectors of the EE countries' economy, helped form a system of indicators for assessing the level of DT by country. The systematization of the DT factors made it possible to differentiate them by the nature of influence, advantages, and threats of the DH (digital humanities) for the EE countries. The results indicated a low and medium level of DT in the countries studied because of the lack of a digitalization strategy. A matrix of business digitalization management strategies has been formed for Eastern European countries, considering the efficiency level, digitalization threats, and the priority in their management. It will help mitigate the threats of DT and reduce the digital divide with countries with a high level of DT.

The article examines social entrepreneurship as an effective legal and economic instrument for the post-war reintegration of veterans in modern society. The article examines the European and Anglo-Saxon approaches to understanding the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship, and concludes that both approaches agree that the goal of a social enterprise is social impact more important than profit maximisation. It is argued that economic reintegration involves the transformation of a veteran from a recipient of assistance into an active market participant who is able to provide for himself/herself and whose contribution to the economy is recognised by the state. The author reviews current Ukrainian legislation and draft laws on social entrepreneurship and veteran business. The article analyses the key challenges facing veteran initiatives in Ukraine, including limited access to finance, fragmented legal regulation, and lack of systemic support from the state and institutions. Based on the cases of social enterprises created by veterans in Ukraine (in particular, the Veterano Group network), the article identifies the social and legal prerequisites for their functioning and the legal barriers that hinder their development. The article presents a comparative legal analysis of international models of support for veteran entrepreneurship, in particular in the United States (SBA, VBOC, EBV), the United Kingdom (X-Forces Enterprise) and Israel (Restart, Innovation Authority), which demonstrate the practical effectiveness of legislatively enshrined mechanisms for stimulating social enterprises. The author substantiates the need to create a special legal regime for social enterprises with a veteran component in Ukraine and proposes a set of institutional solutions: launching incubation programmes, preferential taxation, targeted financing, mentoring and educational support. Based on the results of the study, the author concludes that social entrepreneurship has the potential to become not only a tool for social adaptation, but also a factor of sustainable economic development and cohesion of Ukrainian society in the context of post-war transformation.