Currently, software-defined networking (SDN) platforms leverage the link-layer discovery protocol (LLDP) to discover the underlying topology. However, the LLDP is suboptimal in terms of message load. In this letter, we present the tree exploration discovery protocol (TEDP), proving that shortest paths can be built at the same time that the topology information is gathered, without extra messages compared with LLDP. We also analyze two alternative implementations for the TEDP and give insights into some features that SDN platforms should ideally provide for an efficient topology discovery service.

In this paper, we describe the design considerations and implementation of a smart toy system, a technology for supporting the automatic recording and analysis for detecting developmental delays recognition when children play using the smart toy. To achieve this goal, we take advantage of the current commercial sensor features (reliability, low consumption, easy integration, etc.) to develop a series of sensor-based low-cost devices. Specifically, our prototype system consists of a tower of cubes augmented with wireless sensing capabilities and a mobile computing platform that collect the information sent from the cubes allowing the later analysis by childhood development professionals in order to verify a normal behaviour or to detect a potential disorder. This paper presents the requirements of the toy and discusses our choices in toy design, technology used, selected sensors, process to gather data from the sensors and generate information that will help in the decision-making and communication of the information to the collector system. In addition, we also describe the play activities the system supports.

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a pillar of next-generation networks. Implementing SDN requires the establishment of a decoupled control communication, which might be installed either as an out-of-band or in-band network. While the benefits of in-band control networks seem apparent, no standard protocol exists and most of setups are based on ad-hoc solutions. This article defines Amaru, a protocol that provides plug&play resilient in-band control for SDN with low-complexity and high scalability. Amaru follows an exploration mechanism to find all possible paths between the controller and any node of the network, which drastically reduces convergence time and exchanged messages, while increasing robustness. Routing is based on masked MAC addresses, which also simplifies routing tables, minimizing the number of entries to one per path, independently of the network size. We evaluated Amaru with three different implementations and diverse types of networks and failures, and obtained excellent results, providing almost on-the-fly rerouting and low recovery time.

The multipath challenge is a research line in continuous development because of its multiple benefits, however, these benefits are overshadowed by scalability, which goes down considerably when the paths are multiple and disjoint. The disjointness aggregates an extra value to the multiple paths, but it also implies more complex mathematical operations that increase the computational cost. In fact, diverse proposals exist that try to increase scalability by limiting the number of paths obtained to the minimum possible (two-disjoint paths), which is enough for backup applications but not for other purposes. This paper presents an algorithm that solves these drawbacks by discovering multiple disjoint paths among multiple nodes in an efficient way, while keeping bounded the computational cost and ensuring scalability. The proposed algorithm has been validated thoroughly by performing a theoretical analysis, bolstered afterwards by an exhaustive experimental evaluation. The collected results are promising, our algorithm reduces the time spent to obtain the disjoint paths regarding its competitors between one and three orders of magnitude, at the cost of a slight decrease in the number of paths discovered.

Computer networks are adopting the new Software- Defined Networking (SDN) architecture, however not all devices can support it, mainly due to power and computational constraints. This paper proposes the Hybrid Domain Discovery Protocol (HDDP), a new discovery protocol that enhances the existing OpenFlow Discovery Protocol (OFDP). HDDP allows the discovery of hybrid network topologies composed of both SDN and non-SDN devices, which no other state-of-the-art protocol can achieve. HDDP has been implemented in a software switch and emulated in diverse networks, where it discovers hybrid topologies by using a number of messages similar to competitors, as they only discover SDN devices.