Aquatic environments are recognized as one of the main reservoirs for the emergence and dissemination of high-risk lineages of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria of public health concern. However, the genomic characteristics of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from aquatic origins remain limited. Herein, we examined the antibiotic resistance and virulence genomic profiles of three E. coli recovered from surface water in northwest Mexico. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and in-depth in silico analysis were performed. Two E. coli exhibited MDR phenotypes. WGS-based typing revealed genetic diversity, and phylogenetic analysis corroborated a notable divergent relationship among the studied E. coli. One E. coli strain, harboring enterotoxigenic and extraintestinal pathogenic-associated virulence genes, was assigned to the ST4 lineage. MDR E. coli, belonging to the international high-risk clones ST410 and ST617, carried genes and mutations conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim. This study describes, for the first time, the detection and genomic profiling of high-risk lineages of E. coli ST410 and ST617 from surface water in Mexico. Additionally, our results underscore the role of surface water as a reservoir for critical pathogenic and MDR E. coli clones and the need for the surveillance and monitoring of aquatic environments via WGS from the One Health perspective.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common bacterial agent associated with urinary tract infections, threatening public health systems with elevated medical costs and high morbidity rates. The successful establishment of the infection is associated with virulence factors encoded in its genome, in addition to antibacterial resistance genes, which could limit the treatment and resolution of the infection. In this sense, plant extracts from the genus Echeveria have traditionally been used to treat diverse infectious diseases. However, little is known about the effects of these extracts on bacteria and their potential mechanisms of action. This study aims to sequence a multidrug-resistant UPEC isolate (UTI-U7) and assess the multilocus sequence typing (MLST), virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance profile, genes, serotype, and plasmid content. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion. The antibacterial and anti-adherent effects of the methanol extracts (ME) of Echeveria (E. craigiana, E. kimnachii, and E. subrigida) against UTI-U7 were determined. The isolate was characterized as an O25:H4-B2-ST2279-CH40 subclone and had resistant determinants to aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones/quinolones, amphenicols, and tetracyclines, which matched with the antimicrobial resistance profile. The virulence genes identified encode adherence factors, iron uptake, protectins/serum resistance, and toxins. Identified plasmids belonged to the IncF group (IncFIA, IncFIB, and IncFII), alongside several prophage-like elements. After an extensive genome analysis that confirmed the pathogenic status of UTI-U7 isolate, Echeveria extracts were tested to determine their antibacterial effects; as an extract, E. subrigida (MIC, 5 mg/mL) displayed the best inhibitory effect. However, the adherence between UTI-U7 and HeLa cells was unaffected by the ME of the E. subrigida extract.

Characterization Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Strain Derived From

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the phenotypic distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups in a geographically diverse cohort of Mexican outpatients. Patients and Methods: A clinic-based, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted using anonymized electronic health records (EHRs) from 1,820,793 individuals aged 1 to 100 years who underwent clinically or administratively indicated ABO and Rh blood typing at Salud Digna clinics across all 32 Mexican states between January 2023 and July 2025. All ABO and Rh determinations were performed by forward typing using either the fully automated Galileo Echo immunohematology analyzer or by the conventional slide method using commercial anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D antisera. Demographic and blood group distributions were summarized using descriptive statistical methods, and sex-specific distributions were evaluated. Results: Among the 1,820,793 individuals analyzed (median age: 29 years), 1,193,587 (65.6%) were female and 627,206 (34.4%) were male. Blood group O was the most frequent ABO phenotype (65.99%), whereas group AB was the least common (1.50%). For the Rh system, 3.39% of individuals exhibited the Rh(d) phenotype. The overall phenotypic distribution was as follows: O Rh(D) (64.01%), A Rh(D) (23.24%), B Rh(D) (7.92%), O Rh(d) (1.98%), AB Rh(D) (1.43%), A Rh(d) (1.02%), B Rh(d) (0.32%), and AB Rh(d) (0.07%). Notably, the AB Rh(d) phenotype was not identified in Oaxaca. From a geographical perspective, a clear north-to-south gradient was observed, with increasing frequencies of the O Rh(D) phenotype toward the southern states, accompanied by declining trends observed for the remaining ABO and Rh phenotypes. Conclusion: Blood group O was the most frequent ABO phenotype, whereas the Rh(d) phenotype was relatively uncommon. The overall distribution patterns were largely consistent across the states. These findings provide a valuable resource for health authorities and blood services to support blood inventory management, inform region-specific donor recruitment strategies for less common blood group phenotypes, and optimize planning for blood transfusion services, organ transplantation, and maternal healthcare.

We report here the first draft genome sequence of a Mexican communitarian methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strain whose genome harbors a wide variety of resistance determinants. The availability of this genome will allow the study of antibiotic resistance in Mexican staphylococci from a genomic perspective.