Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) made by green synthesis offer a variety of biochemical properties and are an excellent alternative to traditional medications due to their low cost. In the current study, we synthesised AgNPs from the leaf extract of the medicinal plant Uvaria narum, commonly called narumpanal. The nanoparticles were characterised by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SEM analysis showed AgNPs are highly crystalline and spherical with an average diameter of 7.13 nm. The outstanding catalytic activity of AgNPs was demonstrated by employing the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. The AgNPs showed antiangiogenic activity in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. AgNPs demonstrated anticancer activity against Dalton’s lymphoma ascites cells (DLA cells) in trypan blue assay and cytotoxicity against three fish cell lines: Oreochromis niloticus liver (onlL; National Repository of Fish Cell Lines, India (NRFC) Accession number—NRFC052) cells, Cyprinus carpio koi fin (CCKF; NRFC Accession number—NRFC007) cells and Cyprinus carpio gill (CyCKG; NRFC Accession number—NRFC064). Furthermore, the AgNPs demonstrated their ability to inhibit pathogenic microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The results from the study displayed green synthesised AgNPs exhibit antiangiogenic activity, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and catalytic properties, which are crucial characteristics of a molecule with excellent clinical applications.

Dental implants have become increasingly important in daily dental offices. The degree of pain and discomfort experienced during a surgical procedure varies from one patient to another. Using advanced machine learning algorithms to predict pain, the dentist and the patient would make more informed decisions about the treatment. This study aims at Predicting postoperative discomfort using an AI-based multi-linear regression model. The functional parametric association between the eight parameters (age, sex, and operating technique) and the patient’s postoperative pain was established following implant surgery. The output was normalized information regarding both incidence and severity of immediate discomfort post-implant surgery. To enhance the generalization ability of the multiple linear regression (MLR) model and avoid overfitting, 825 cases were provided as the training set, while 207 cases were given for data authentication. In addition, 45 samples were used as controls to determine the model’s prediction accuracy. Evaluation of the given model reveals a Root Mean Squared Error of 0.108477788. This prototype predicted AI model postoperative pain following implant surgery with 89.6 % accuracy. Finally, this AI model exhibited clinical viability and utility in predicting postoperative pain after surgery.

Discovering novel natural resources for the biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles is one of the two key challenges facing by the field of nanoparticle synthesis. The second challenge is a lack of information on the chemical components needed for the biological synthesis and the chemical mechanism involved in the metal nanoparticles synthesis. In the current study, microwave-assisted silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis employing the defensive gland extract of Mupli beetle, Luprops tristis Fabricius (Order: Coleoptera; Family: Tenebrionidae), addresses these two challenges. This study was conducted without killing the experimental insect. Earlier studies in our laboratory showed the presence of the phenolic compounds, 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, and 2,5-dimethylhydroquinone in the defensive gland extract of L. tristis. The results of the current study show that the phenolic compounds in the defensive gland extract of the beetle has the ability to reduce silver ions into AgNPs and also acts as a good capping and stabilizing agent. A possible mechanism for the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) into AgNPs is suggested. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) analysis and high-resolution transmission electron microscopic (HR-TEM) techniques. The stability of biologically synthesized nanoparticles was studied by zeta potential analysis. The TEM analysis confirmed that AgNPs are well dispersed and almost round shaped. The average size of nanoparticle ranges from 10 to 20 nm. EDX analysis showed that silver is the prominent metal present in the nanomaterial solution. The AgNPs synthesized have antibacterial property against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Radical scavenging (DPPH) assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity of the AgNPs. AgNPs exhibited anticancer activity in a cytotoxicity experiment against Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) cell line.

The unpredictable invasion of the Mupli beetle, Luprops tristis Fabricius (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), makes areas uninhabitable to humans. These beetles produce a strong-smelling, irritating secretion as a defence mechanism, which causes blisters on contact with human skin. In the current study, gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) analysis of the defensive gland extract of the Mupli beetle revealed the presence of compounds such as 2,3,dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, 2,5-dimethyl hydroquinone, tetracosane, oleic acid, hexacosane, pentacosane, 7-hexadecenal and tert-hexadecanethiol. The defensive gland extracts showed considerable antibacterial activity on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in an agar diffusion assay. The chromosomal aberration analysis using root tips of Allium cepa L. exposed to the defensive secretion showed chromosomal aberrations such as disturbed metaphase, sticky chromosomes and chromosomal breakage. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using a radical scavenging (DPPH) assay. A cytotoxic assay of the defensive gland extract against Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) cell line showed anticancer properties. In the present study, the defensive gland extract of the Mupli beetle, L. tristis, which is generally perceived as a nuisance insect to humans, was found to have beneficial biological activities.

This study presents a novel approach to fabricate silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the poisonous plant, Holigarna arnottiana leaf extract. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by a color change from green to dark brown and validated by UV analysis. FTIR analysis identified functional groups on the AgNPs, while Zeta potential analysis assessed their stability. TEM analysis established an average diameter of 18 nm and a spherical morphology for the nanoparticles. LC MS analysis coupled with database searches revealed the presence of diverse bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, nucleotides, dipeptides, enzymes, and glycosides. These compounds are postulated to act as reducing agents in the leaf extract-mediated synthesis process. Moreover, the bio-fabricated AgNPs exhibited noteworthy anticancer properties against DLA cells. In addition, AgNPs displayed substantial antimitotic effects in an assay involving Allium cepa root cells. These findings underscore the potential of the AgNPs as cytotoxic agents. The biosynthesized AgNPs showed antimicrobial activity against various bacterial pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the AgNPs exhibited outstanding radical-scavenging properties in the DPPH assay, suggesting their potential application in antioxidant therapies. The study collectively highlights the successful synthesis of AgNPs through a green, biocompatible approach, and demonstrates their promising potential for anticancer, antimitotic, and radical-scavenging applications.

This is the first report of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis utilizing the pitcher secretion from an insectivorous plant, specifically Nepenthes ventrata, through a microwave assisted green synthesis approach. The successful formation of AgNPs was validated through a comprehensive set of analyses, including UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, DLS analysis and Zeta potential measurements. In addition gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry analyses were conducted to examine the components present in the pitcher secretion. These analyses aimed to identify the capping and stabilizing agents in the secretion that facilitate the synthesis and stability of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs significantly inhibited biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, as demonstrated by Crystal Violet staining and fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, these AgNPs showed promising antioxidant properties through a DPPH radical scavenging assay. Furthermore, the anticancer properties of the AgNPs were analyzed using an MTT assay, which measures cell metabolic activity as an indicator of cell viability, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. Collectively, these findings suggest that the biosynthesized AgNPs possess multifaceted biological applications, showcasing their utility as both antimicrobial and antioxidative agents, and highlighting their potential in medical and environmental applications.