Lindkvist K. B. and Sánchez J. L. Conventions and innovation: a comparison of two localized natural resource-based industries, Regional Studies. The paper explores the development of new conventions in two natural resource-based industries, the Norwegian salt fish industry and the wine industry in the Spanish region of Castilla y León. Modest innovation in the former industry tied to domestic and industrial conventions is contrasted with the success of the latter. Wine producers have adopted the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) system to satisfy the market's demand for quality. Whereas Norwegian salt fish producers are reluctant to cooperate with non-local institutions, external influences in the wine industry have provided market intelligence and scientific knowledge to winegrowers and wineries. Lindkvist K. B. et Sánchez J. L. Conventions et innovations: une comparaison entre deux industries exploitant des resources locales, Regional Studies. Cet article explorera le développement de nouvelles conventions dans deux industries exploitant des ressources naturelles, l'industrie norvégienne du poisson salé et l'industrie vinicole dans la région espagnole de Castille et Leon. Une modeste innovation dans ce dernier secteur liée a des conventions domestiques et industrielles contraste avec son succès. Les producteurs de vin ont adopte le système d'Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) afin de satisfaire la demande de qualité du marche. Alors que les producteurs de poissons sales norvégiens sont peu disposes a coopérer avec des institutions autres que locales, les influences extérieures dans l'industrie du vin ont apporte une compréhension du marche ainsi que des connaissances scientifiques aux producteurs et entreprises vinicoles. Ressources naturelles Conventions Systèmes d'innovations Industrie du poisson salé Industrie vinicole Lindkvist K. B. und Sánchez J. L. Konventionen und Innovation: zwei auf ortsgebundenen natürlichen Ressourcen basierte Industrien im Vergleich, Regional Studies. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird die Entstehung neuer Konventionen in zwei auf natürlichen Ressourcen basierten Industriezweigen untersucht, der Salzfischindustrie in Norwegen sowie der Weinindustrie in Castilla y León, Spanien. Wenig Innovation in ersterer, bedingt durch das Festhalten an bestehenden lokalen und industriellen Konventionen, steht im Gegensatz zum Erfolg letzterer. Die Weinerzeuger haben sich an das System geschützter Ursprungsbezeichungen (g. U.) angeschlossen, um neuen Qualitätsansprüchen des Marktes gerecht zu werden. Während die norwegischen Salzfischproduzenten nur zurückhaltend mit Institutionen außerhalb ihres lokalen Umfeldes kooperieren, haben Weinbauern und Kellereien durch branchenexterne Einflüsse Market-Intelligence und wissenschaftliche Kenntnisse erworben. Natürliche Ressourcen Konventionen Innovationssysteme Salzfischindustrie Weinindustrie Lindkvist K. B. y Sánchez J. L. Convenciones e innovación: comparación de dos sectores industriales concentrados y dependientes de los recursos naturales, Regional Studies. Este artículo estudia el desarrollo de nuevas convenciones en el seno de dos industrias basadas en la transformación de recursos naturales, la del pescado en salazón en Noruega y la del vino en la región española de Castilla y León. Las modestas innovaciones de la primera, muy vinculada a las convenciones domésticas e industriales, se contraponen con el éxito de la segunda. Los productores de vino han adoptado el sistema de la Denominación de Origen Protegida (DOP) para satisfacer la demanda de calidad. Mientras, los procesadores noruegos de pescado en salazón son reacios a cooperar con instituciones no locales, las contribuciones externas han proporcionado conocimiento científico y visión de mercado a los agentes del sector del vino, tanto viticultores como bodegas. Recursos naturales Convenciones Sistemas de innovación Industria del pescado en salazón Industria vinícola

Despite the extensive literature on Local Agro-food Systems (LAFS), which involves research on local food identity and organisational proximity, the environmental sustainability of these systems has rarely been addressed. This paper develops a new concept called Local Agroecological Food Systems (LAEFS), which focuses the research not only on local food identity, but also on agroecological principles. We aim to conduct a reflexive review of the literature on the conceptual factors attempting to describe the particular characteristics of LAEFS (distinguishing these from LAFS). We explore five axes of analysis: (a) to establish a compromise at the local level between agro-food sectoral specialisation on the one hand and greater cultivated biodiversity and a more diversified economic structure on the other; (b) to geographically and commercially shorten food channels to the fullest extent; (c) to construct new institutional formulae in the fields of logistics, distribution and public procurement for the scaling up of sustainable food; (d) to develop a participatory, bottom-up, multi-stakeholder and multi-level territorial governance; and (e) to reduce the metabolic profile of food systems by reorganising rural-urban linkages. One of the principal objectives of LAEFS should involve redesigning agricultural and food systems at a scale greater than that of the farm (territory or landscape). This requires both a major public policy push and sustainable territorial governance that incorporate an approach based on territory, food systems and agroecology.

This article integrates arguments from the perspectives of the economics of information and of the economy of qualities to analyze the spatial consequences of digital technology and information overload on two exemplary product markets: quality wine and stock photography. It demonstrates how digital technology enhances information overload in product markets and how the geography of market relations is transformed along new intermediaries and new practices of navigation that account for two different geographical paradoxes.

Alternative economic practices (AEPs) challenge capitalism and have flourished in Spain since 2008, when the economic, social, and political crisis severely hit the country. Cities are the principal places in which these practices are developing because unemployment, poverty, and foreclosures quickly rose in urban areas between 2008 and 2015. After the local election in 2015, left-wing coalitions took office in the major Spanish cities. These new governments replaced the former neoliberal and pro-growth coalitions and assumed the promotion for alternative economic modes of coordination as a part of their political agendas and new regulations. This article draws on institutional theory to frame the locally contingent outcomes of the interaction between alternative institutions and formal regulation in six Spanish cities. Empirically, we found that comprehensive plans by local authorities to enhance AEPs led to mutual reinforcement of regulations and institutions in Madrid and Barcelona. In contrast, institutions of AEPs in Oviedo, Valencia, and Valladolid substituted for the absence of regulatory response. Finally, Salamanca illustrates the case of competition between AEP institutions and local regulations, which even worked to replace AEPs.