Roundabouts are widely used in road transport to improve traffic flow and reduce congestion by enabling continuous movement in a circular pattern, minimizing stops, enhancing safety, and reducing delays compared to that of signaled intersections. However, roundabouts are rarely used in marine traffic. This study investigates the feasibility of redesigning existing rectangular precautionary areas within traffic separation schemes (TSSs) into circular roundabouts using marine traffic data incorporating both the number of ships passing and crossing, as well as microscopic movement data to further analyze the follow-up times and gaps based on ship domains. This study further assesses the overall performance of the proposed design, drawing on notable formulas and best practices in road transport. The Lombok Strait TSS, in Indonesia, is used as the study area, which is a particularly sensitive sea area and one of the critical “chokepoints” in the maritime supply chain. The results indicate that replacing rectangular areas with circular roundabouts in a TSS can significantly improve traffic management and navigation safety. This study offers a practical approach for redesigning rectangular precautionary areas into circular roundabouts and provides valuable insights for maritime authorities and policymakers aiming to develop more efficient TSS designs in the future.

This study presents a data-driven analysis of navigator stress and workload levels in simulated ship encounters within restricted waters, leveraging real-world automatic identification system (AIS) data from Makassar Port, Indonesia. Six close-quarter scenarios were recreated to reflect critical encounter geometries, and 24 Indonesian seafarers were evaluated using heart rate variability (HRV), perceived stress scale (PSS), and task load index (NASA-TLX) workload assessments. The results indicate that crossing angles, particularly 135° port and starboard encounters, significantly influence physiological stress levels, with age being a moderating factor. Although no consistent relationship was found between workload and HRV metrics, the findings underscore key human factors that may impair navigational performance under cognitively demanding conditions. By integrating AIS-derived traffic data with simulation-based human performance monitoring, this study supports the development of intelligent maritime training frameworks and adaptive decision support systems. The research contributes to broader efforts toward enhancing navigational safety and situational awareness amid increasing automation and traffic densities at sea.

Since COVID-19 hit the world, Marine Colleges and schools in the world have experienced severe disruption. The challenge that arises is how to maintain the quality of education and training while still upholding the Knowledge, Understanding and Proficiency as required in the Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW). To solve this problem, the IMO through a Circular in 2020 requires each member state to develop specific tips on dealing with the problem. Blended Learning is one of the special tips or solutions to solve it. The purpose of this study is to explore the implementation of blended learning in Nautical Astronomy courses, develop appropriate blended methods and see the effectiveness of the implementation of blended learning. The method used is participatory research of actions with quantitative descriptive analysis. The subjects used were 27 students of the Diploma III Study Program in Nautical Studies with one lecturer who taught the course. The results showed that blended learning is very good to be implemented with criteria including: 1) it needs the readiness of planning and a mature learning system; 2) development of complete and engaging blended learning content according to bloom verbs; 3) in-depth and routine evaluation and supervision is carried out during the learning process. Blended learning in the Nautical Astronomy course has the advantage of how the material preparation is presented very well. However, there are still various weaknesses including the adaptation process of learning delivery between lecturers and students because blended-based lectures in this course have never been carried out before.

As the largest archipelagic country in the world and located right in between of two oceans, Indonesia benefited from its geographical location especially since the Malacca Strait become the major marine traffic in the world. Not only that, Indonesia also established three major waterways called Archipelagic Sea Lanes (ASL) where every international ship obliged to passing by Indonesian territorial waters without disturbance with the straits such as Sunda Strait and Lombok Strait as the major strait. In economic development, these policies impacted the growth of several major cities in Indonesia such as Medan in the Sumatera Island, Jakarta and Surabaya in Java Island and Makassar in Sulawesi Island. The archipelagic countries as defined in the UNCLOS as the waters around, between and connecting the islands belong to the Indonesian irrespective the size or dimension, therefore a constant vigilant must be conduct by Indonesian Government. In this research, we utilize AIS data from third party then analyze from the numbers of ships travelling in the waterway and the needs to maintain a state-of-the-art monitoring of every ship in the territorial waters. ABSTRAK Sebagai negara kepulauan yang terbesar didunia dan terletak diantara dua samudera, Indonesia diuntungkan dari letak geografisnya terlebih sejak Selat Malaka menjadi jalur pelayaran utama dunia. Tidak hanya itu, Indonesia juga membuka tiga jalur utama pelayaran yang disebut dengan Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia (ALKI) dimana setiap kapal internasional dapat melewati alur pelayaran tersebut dengan damai dan tidak mengganggu kedaulatan Indonesia contohnya adalah Selat Sunda dan Selat Lombok. Dari perkembangan ekonomi, kebijakan tersebut berdampak pada pembangunan kota-kota besar seperti Medan di Pulau Sumatera, Jakarta dan Surabaya di Pulau Jawa dan Makassar di Pulau Sulawesi. Definisi negara kepulauan sesuai UNCLOS adalah segala perairan disekitar, diantara dan yang menghubungkan antara pulau-pulau merupakan bagian dari wilayah Indonesia apapun ukuran dan dimensinya, oleh sebab itu pengawasan yang berkesinambungan harus terus dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data AIS (Automatic Identification System) untuk melihat lalu lintas pelayaran di Indonesia serta mengambil langkah-langkah strategis untuk mengawasi pergerakan dari kapal-kapal yang berada di wilayah perairan teritorial tersebut.

This study addresses maritime traffic risks in the Labuan Bajo–Komodo marine tourism corridor, a spatially constrained archipelagic environment characterized by mixed vessel traffic, intensive tourism activity, and high ecological sensitivity. An integrated decision-support framework was developed by combining the Analytic Network Process (ANP) with stakeholder-supported grid-based spatial risk analysis. Expert pairwise comparisons from eight respondents were used to evaluate eight interdependent criteria: Natural Conditions, Navigational Channel, Vessel Factors, Maritime Traffic Conditions, Port Control, Authority/Stakeholders, Tourism, and Environmental Impact. The ANP calculation was conducted using geometric mean group aggregation, consistency ratio assessment, and targeted follow-up clarification for matrices requiring refinement. The final ANP results show that Port Control received the highest priority weight (0.172), followed by Natural Conditions (0.148), Maritime Traffic Conditions (0.144), Environmental Impact (0.135), Vessel Factors (0.121), Navigational Channel (0.120), Authority/Stakeholders (0.104), and Tourism (0.0566). At the global subcriteria level, communication effectiveness, channel complexity, environmental compliance, local traffic density, and seasonal traffic variation emerged as the dominant contributors to risk. A stakeholder-supported partial spatial risk index (SRI) was then calculated for 21 grid cells using spatially mappable ANP criteria. The highest-risk cells were grids 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 14, while sensitivity analysis confirmed that grids 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 14 remained high risk across all tested spatial-weight scenarios. The findings indicate that maritime traffic risk in Komodo National Park is not driven by environmental exposure alone, but by the interaction of traffic control capacity, natural hazards, traffic concentration, environmental sensitivity, and institutional coordination. The proposed framework supports spatially informed traffic management, environmental compliance, and emergency preparedness planning in marine protected tourism corridors.