Two sets of bioorthogonally applicable, double fluorogenic probes, capable of sensing DNA–protein interactions, were prepared by installing an azide or tetrazine motif onto structurally fluorogenic, DNA sensitive frames. Installation of these bioorthogonal functions onto DNA intercalating dyes furnished these scaffolds with reactivity based fluorogenicity, rendering these probes double-fluorogenic, AND-type logic switches that require the simultaneous occurrence of a bioorthogonal reaction and interaction with DNA to trigger high intensity fluorescence. The probes were evaluated for double fluorogenic behavior in the presence/absence of DNA and a complementary bioorthogonal function. Our studies revealed that azide and tetrazine appending thiazole orange frames show remarkable double fluorogenic features. One of these probes, a membrane permeable tetrazine modified thiazole orange derivative was further tested in live cell labeling studies. Cells expressing bioorthogonalized DNA-binding proteins showed intensive fluorescence characteristics of the localization of the proteins upon treatment with our double fluorogenic probe. On the contrary, labeling similarly bioorthogonalized cytosolic proteins did not result in the appearance of the fluorescence signal. These studies suggest that such double-fluorogenic probes are indeed capable of sensing DNA–protein interactions in cells.

Despite recent relaxation of restrictions on dietary fat consumption in dietary guidelines, there remains a collective “fear of fat”. This study examined college students’ perceptions of health among foods with no fat relative to foods with different types of fats (unsaturated and saturated). Utilizing a multisite approach, this study collected data from college students at six university dining halls throughout the United States. Data were available on 533 students. Participants were 52% male and consisted largely of first-year students (43%). Across three meal types, the no-fat preparation option was chosen 73% of the time, the unsaturated fat option was selected 23% of the time, and the saturated fat option was chosen 4% of the time. Students chose the no-fat option for all meal types 44% of the time. Findings suggest that college students lack knowledge regarding the vital role played by the type and amount of fats within a healthy diet. Nutrition education and food system reforms are needed to help consumers understand that type of fat is more important than total amount of fat. Efforts across various sectors can encourage incorporating, rather than avoiding, fats within healthy dietary patterns.

BACKGROUND: Tandem lesions (TLs) are a subtype of acute ischemic stroke, which involve an extracranial carotid lesion (ie, severe carotid stenosis ≥70%) with large vessel occlusion. While large vessel occlusion has a standard approach with mechanical thrombectomy (MT), the best practice for intervention of the carotid lesion is not well-established. Utilizing data from the ASSIST registry, we investigated the differences in clinical and procedural outcomes between acute versus nonacute stenting. METHODS: The ASSIST registry (an international acute ischemic stroke MT prospective study) was utilized to identify the subgroup of patients with acute ischemic stroke secondary to TL who received MT. The TLs were grouped by MT+acute carotid stenting (CAS) versus MT+acute carotid nonstenting. The demographics and clinical outcomes (90-day modified Rankin Scale score) were compared between TL and non-TL groups, and between MT+CAS and MT+acute carotid nonstenting. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine independent predictors of clinical outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 183 of 1270 (14.4%) TLs were identified in the ASSIST registry. MT+CAS was performed in 83 of 183 (45.4%) subjects, and 100 of 183 (54.6%) received MT+acute carotid nonstenting. There are no significant differences at baseline between the 2 groups in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score, or target vessel. Achieving a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 at 90 days was 70.9% in the MT+CAS group versus 48.9% in the MT+acute carotid nonstenting group ( P =0.001), with a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2 being significantly associated with the MT+CAS group in multivariable analysis (odds ratio, 2.14 [95% CI, 1.01–4.51]). There was no significant difference in mortality or symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: In acute ischemic stroke, secondary to TLs treatment with thrombectomy and acute carotid stenting is associated with improved 90-day functional outcome without an increase in symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage compared with no acute stenting approach. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03845491.