The emergence of an outbreak of Monkeypox disease (MPXD) is caused by a contagious zoonotic Monkeypox virus (MPXV) that has spread globally. Yet, there is no study investigating the effect of climatic changes on MPXV transmission. Thus, studies on the changing epidemiology, evolving nature of the virus, and ecological niche are highly paramount. Determination of the role of potential meteorological drivers including temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, dew point, wind speed, and surface pressure is beneficial to understand the MPXD outbreak. This study examines the changes in MPXV cases over time while assessing the meteorological characteristics that could impact these disparities from the onset of the global outbreak. To conduct this data-based research, several well-accepted statistical techniques including Simple Exponential Smoothing (SES), Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Automatic forecasting time-series model (Prophet), and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Explanatory Variables (ARIMAX) were applied to delineate the correlation of the meteorological factors on global daily Monkeypox cases. Data on MPXV cases including affected countries spanning from 6 May 2022, to 9 November 2022, from global databases and meteorological data were used to evaluate the developed models. According to the ARIMAX model, the results showed that temperature, relative humidity, and surface pressure have a positive impact [(51.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): −274.55 to 377.68), (17.32, 95% CI: −83.71 to 118.35) and (23.42, 95% CI: −9.90 to 56.75), respectively] on MPXV cases. In addition, dew/frost point, precipitation, and wind speed show a significant negative impact on MPXD cases. The Prophet model showed a significant correlation with rising MPXD cases, although the trend predicts peak values while the overall trend increases. This underscores the importance of immediate and appropriate preventive measures (timely preparedness and proactive control strategies) with utmost priority against MPXD including awareness-raising programs, the discovery, and formulation of effective vaccine candidate(s), prophylaxis and therapeutic regimes, and management strategies.

Researchers across the world are emphasising the importance of hand-washing and limited touching of face to curb the spread of COVID-19. However, access to safe water and hygiene is inadequate in many places around the globe; hence T-zone touching restriction is considered more worthwhile compared to other prevention strategies. A systematic review was carried out to appraise the frequency of T-zone (eyes, nose, mouth, chin) touching in humans to comprehend the challenge of its restriction, and thus support public health professionals to produce evidence synthesis guidance for public. For this systemic review, data were collected by keyword searching, and several online databases were searched. The PRISMA checklist, PECO protocol and STROBE guideline were followed in this review, and pooled data were analysed in R version 4. Total of 10 single arms observational studies were included. The pooled average (SD) facial self-touch per hour was 50.06 (±47) times, and a specific touch of T-zone was 68.7 (±27). T-zone self-touch within the total facial self-touch was found higher R = 0.680, with 95% CI 0.14, 0.91, P = 0.02 and X2 = 167.63, P < 0.0001. The review found that face-touch is a type of consistent regulatory movements. Control of T-zone touch requires extensive behaviour intervention and community awareness.

Background: Self-rated health (SRH) is a globally recognized measure of health status. Previous studies have established that inadequate sleep duration and trouble falling asleep combinedly has a greater negative impact on health than either factor alone. This study aims to investigate the excess relative risk due to the interaction between short sleep duration and trouble sleeping on SRH.Method: We used the 2017–18 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) publicly used microdata file. SRH was measured on a 5-point Likert scale from poor to excellent and dichotomized into “Good or Better” and “Fair or Poor.” Sleep duration was categorized into “Less than 7 h” and “More than 7 h,” while trouble sleeping was categorized as “Yes” or “No.” A joint variable derived from these created four groups: “no sleep issues,” “fewer sleeping hours (<7 h) only,” “trouble sleeping only,” and “fewer hours & trouble sleeping.” A weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regression with robust variance estimation was conducted to estimate relative risk due to interaction.Results: Among Canadian adults, 40.96% reported less than 7 h of sleep, and 48.38% reported trouble sleeping. Approximately 11% had Fair or Poor SRH. The odds ratio for Fair or Poor SRH was 1.34 (95% CI: 1.23–1.46) for short sleep duration, 2.38 (95% CI: 2.18–2.61) for troubled sleep, and 2.97 (95% CI, 2.66–3.33) for both conditions. The adjusted RERI was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.40–1.21).Implication: These results imply that shorter duration of sleep and troubled sleeping may increase the negative influence on self-rated health.

Corrigendum: Association of household fuel with acute respiratory infection (ARI) under-five years children in Bangladesh

Introduction: Non-puerperal adoptive lactation sometimes requires long preparation and substantial expense for pharmacological intervention to be successful, which are not feasible in refugee camps. Here we report two case studies of non-puerperal adoptive breastfeeding of two infants in the Rohingya Refugee Camp of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Main Issue: Two non-pregnant, non-breastfeeding caregivers with previous experience of breastfeeding brought two adopted infants—one a 12-day-old female with severe acute malnutrition, and the other a 2-day-old male with normal anthropometric measurements—to a nutritional stabilization center for feeding. After counseling, both families opted for adoptive lactation. Management: Both infants were treated with a modified Action Against Hunger protocol of in-patient management of severe acute malnutrition using the supplementary suckling technique, a procedure to feed the baby with supplementary feed. Diluted F100 was used as the supplementary feed; the energy and protein gained from it were just enough to maintain body physiology and were not responsible for any weight gain. When the infants gained weight, indicating that the caregivers were producing milk, we reduced the supplementary feed as per protocol guidelines. The caregivers were prescribed domperidone and counseled on their ability to breastfeed the infants. The cases required 35 days and 20 days, respectively, for the full establishment of breastfeeding. Conclusion: This is the first report of successful adoptive breastfeeding in a refugee camp. With proper counseling and motivation of the caregiver, induced lactation can be started without a preparatory period and with very low-cost intervention.

Father-infant bonding is a critical component of early child development, influencing children's emotional, cognitive, and social outcomes, but may be disrupted by paternal depression and family dynamics. Replicating a pre-pandemic Stockholm-based study, the current study examines i) the extent to which fathers' depression symptoms and the quality of the coparenting relationship are associated with father-infant bonding and ii) whether these two variables serve as mediators in the relationship with bonding during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. This study employed a cross-sectional design using data from a large national cohort in Sweden (n = 1600). We tested two competing mediation models using structural equation modeling in Stata. Fathers' depression symptoms and coparenting relationship were entered as mediators in each of those models, after adjusting for several confounders. Confirming the previous analysis that we replicated, when fathers had higher levels of depression symptoms (Model 1) or lower levels of coparenting (Model 2), fathers reported greater difficulties with infant bonding, including greater impaired bonding, rejection and anger, and anxiety about caregiving, after accounting for covariates. Additionally, the analysis revealed significant indirect associations through coparenting (Model 1) and fathers' depression symptoms (Model 2). Decreasing fathers' depression symptoms and strengthening coparenting quality can potentially reduce father-infant bonding disturbances. Fathers' depression symptoms and coparenting quality appear bi-directionally linked in their association with father-infant bonding. Early detection and preventive, father-inclusive supports including co-screening and providing support for paternal depression symptoms, the coparenting relationship, and bonding difficulties are warranted.