Pregnancy and childbirth have a great impact on women’s lives; traumatic perinatal experiences can adversely affect mental health. The present study analyzes the incidence of perinatal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Catalonia in 2021 from data obtained from the Registry of Morbidity and Use of Health Resources of Catalonia (MUSSCAT). The incidence of perinatal PTSD (1.87%) was lower than in comparable studies, suggesting underdiagnosis. Poisson regression adjusting for age, income, gestational weeks at delivery, type of delivery, and parity highlighted the influence of sociodemographics, and characteristics of the pregnancy and delivery on the risk of developing perinatal PTSD. These findings underline the need for further research on the risk factors identified and for the early detection and effective management of PTSD in the perinatal setting.

Urban environments play an important influence in influencing healthy lifestyles and reducing sedentary behaviour (SB), particularly as facilitators of physical activity (PA). Urban spaces often do not support healthy lifestyles. A Community of Practice (CoP) could be a valuable strategy for co-designing proposals to enhance healthy and active urban environments. We aimed to develop strategies through a CoP to promote PA and reduce SB in the urban setting of a multicultural population based in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area, with a particular focus on people with chronic diseases. A three-session CoP involving 25 participants (community members with chronic conditions, health professionals, urban planners, and local authorities) was implemented as a participatory research approach to identify barriers and facilitators to PA and co-design feasible urban improvement proposals. Ethical approval was obtained from Bellvitge University Hospital’s Ethics Committee. Participants provided informed consent and image release forms. Participants highlighted the importance of accessible, adaptable, and interconnected urban spaces to address barriers and leverage facilitators to PA. Proposed interventions targeted four selected areas of the neighbourhood and included expanding shaded areas, creating pedestrian-friendly routes and enhancing green spaces. This study highlights the effectiveness of a CoP in identifying and addressing barriers to PA within urban environments for people with chronic diseases. Findings emphasise the impact of neighbourhood design and accessibility on reducing SB and promoting active lifestyles. The participatory approach offers a replicable model for other urban settings aiming to foster health, although its qualitative and local nature limits generalisability.

Sustained adherence is essential for the effectiveness of community-based multidomain interventions aimed at preventing disability in older adults with initial frailty. This study explores the perspectives of older adults and primary care professionals involved in the + AGIL Barcelona programme to understand the factors that facilitate or hinder sustained adherence and provide evidence for improving its implementation and scalability. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in three primary care centres in Barcelona implementing the + AGIL programme. Participants were purposively selected to ensure information-rich perspectives. Six homogeneous focus groups were conducted with older adults meeting criteria for initial frailty (n = 22; mean age 82 years) and primary care professionals (n = 18), facilitated by two experienced qualitative researchers. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Rigour was ensured through independent coding, reflexive discussion, consensus, and data saturation confirmation. Adherence emerged as a multidimensional and context-dependent process shaped by professional, personal, and community-related factors. Empathetic communication, individualised exercise prescription, and group cohesion acted as key facilitators for motivation, autonomy, and the adoption of new healthy routines. Conversely, caregiving responsibilities, socioeconomic vulnerability, and limited access to community resources hindered the maintenance of behaviours over time. Organisational continuity and stronger healthcare-community coordination were perceived as essential for sustainability. Adherence to multidomain interventions depends not only on programme content but also on delivery processes and contextual embedding within participants' lived realities. Strengthening behavioural support and healthcare-community integration is vital to enhance long-term sustainability and scalability in primary care settings.