Purpose: To analyze the results of ocular refraction at the age of 7 years in children after congenital cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Methods: A study of ocular biometric data of 143 eyes who underwent lens aspiration with IOL implantation in unilateral (23 eyes) and bilateral (60 eyes) congenital cataracts was performed. All children were divided into groups according to the age categories at the time of surgery: Group A (0–12 months) - 43 eyes; Group B (12–36 months) - 45 eyes; and Group C (older than 36 months) - 55 eyes. An empirical reduction of the implanted IOL power was performed: an undercorrection of 20% in children aged 0 to 36 months and 10% less in children aged 36 to 60 months. Results: By age 7 years, the mean elongation ± standard deviation (SD) in Group A was 3.93 ± 1.64 mm, 2.13 ± 0.94 mm in Group B, and 0.95 ± 0.76 mm in Group C (18.7%, 9.5%, and 4.1% of the baseline axial length, respectively). There was no significant difference in axial elongation between unilateral and bilateral congenital cataracts (P = 0.32). The mean absolute refraction error (MAE) at last examination was 3.99 ± 2.12 diopter (D), 2.46 ± 1.48 D, and 1.59 ± 1.31 D in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. In infants younger than 7 months of age, by age 7 years, the mean elongation ± SD was 3.27 ± 2.86 mm (25.5%) and MAE was 3.44 ± 2.1 D. The prevalence of preoperative corneal astigmatism of 1.0 D or more was 48.95%, 2.0 D or more was 27.27%, and 3.0 D or more was 5.6%. There was no significant difference in preoperative corneal astigmatism between unilateral (1.62 ± 0.77 D) and bilateral (1.78 ± 0.90 D) congenital cataracts (P = 0.56, 95% confidence interval = −0.50–0.28). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) more than 20/40 was in 53.49%, 55.55%, and 74.54% in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Conclusions: Although IOL power was calculated in accordance with children's age, at the age of 7 years, there was a different degree of ametropia because of the biometric changes of the growing eye, and a higher rate of ametropia was observed more in the younger age group than in the elder age groups.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a granulomatous-necrotic systemic vasculitis with a lesion of predominantly the upper and lower respiratory tracts at the onset of the disease (vasculitis, accompanied by granulomatous inflammation), and subsequently renal (glomerulonephritis). In addition, GPA may manifest as inflammation of small arteries and veins. Despite many years of study of this disease, the etiology of GPA remains unknown. The present case is about a 47-year-old female, who had been suffering from necrotizing scleritis, corneal ulcer, and secondary glaucoma in both eyes for 3 months, and she was treated with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial therapy that showed no effect; the patient’s general condition became worse. In the second week of treatment, multiple abscess ruptures exposed the sclera. Sampling of the affected conjunctival tissue and positive HLA B8 haplotype and ANCA (PR3-ANCA) testings make it clear that GPA was the main reason of necrotizing scleritis with inflammation. The targeted treatment of the underlying disease allows to stabilize an inflammation of corneal and scleral lesions.

Objective: To present the surgical outcomes of Persistent Fetal Vasculature (PFV) in a pediatric cohort over five years at the main referral tertiary eye care center in Kazakhstan. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of 23 pediatric patients (24 eyes) under 18 years old who were treated for PFV at the Kazakh Eye Research Institute between 2017 and 2021. Clinical presentations of PFV, types of surgery performed, and postoperative functional outcomes were analyzed. Results: The average age at the time of surgery was 4.49 ± 4.24 years, ranging from 5 months to 16 years, with 39.1% boys and 60.9% girls. The anterior, posterior, and mixed forms of PFV were observed in 12.5%, 4.2%, and 83.3% of cases, respectively. PFV was most commonly accompanied by cataracts (95.8%), followed by strabismus (33.3%), microphthalmia (25%), and both nystagmus and microcornea (16.7% each). There was a significant overall improvement in visual acuity, from 2.24 ± 0.26 to 1.11 ± 0.66 logMAR (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study confirm that timely surgery leads to improved anatomical and functional outcomes in PFV, influenced by a range of factors, both evident and less apparent.

Report on clinical cases of spontaneous reattachment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). From 2014 to 2020 we diagnosed four patients with spontaneous reattachment of RRD. We conducted a review of the relevant medical records, focusing on the initial symptoms at presentation, the initial diagnoses, with a further observation of the patients next 3 years. The patients were re-examined 3 years later after cases of spontaneous reattachment of RRD. Three years after a case of spontaneous reattachment of RRD during reexamination in four patients (four eyes), redetachment was not detected. The mentioned clinical cases indicate the possibility of finding new approaches to RRD management.

To report the outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy in three cases of ophthalmomyiasis interna. Case 1 is a 15-year-old male with a mobile lenticular gray-white larva in the vitreous. Case 2 is a 4-year-old female with a floating larva in the optic axis. Case 3 is an 8-year-old female with a floating larva in the optic axis; however, intraoperatively, the larva was found subretinally. In all cases, 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy was performed. Ophthalmomyiasis interna is a rare parasitic eye disease that occurs when larvae of flies or gadflies enter the anterior chamber or/and posterior segment. Pars plana vitrectomy is an effective method of dealing with ophthalmomyiasis interna allowing to reach the main goal of treatment: removing the larva and restoring the eye structures. It is necessary to start treatment as soon as possible to prevent complications associated with mechanical injury and the prolonged toxic effect of larval immunogenic materials.

Background: There is a lack of research on the clinical characteristics of vitreomacular traction (VMT) in the Central Asian population, which evaluates the visual recovery and macular hole closure outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with membrane peel in this population. Methods: This long-term prospective cohort study, conducted at the Kazakh Eye Research Institute from June 2015 to December 2021 with a follow-up period until December 2022, included 1574 patients (1784 eyes) with VMT syndrome. Among the eyes, 724 (40.58%) had VMT, 620 (34.75%) had a lamellar macular hole (LMH), and 440 (24.66%) had a full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). Results: The FTMH group consisted of small (≤250 μm) holes in 14 (3.2%) eyes, medium (250–400 μm) holes in 79 (17.9%) eyes, and large (>400 μm) holes in 347 (78.9%) eyes. Significant improvements in visual acuity, retinal thickness reduction, and macular hole closure were observed in 98.79% of patients with LMH and 81.14% of patients with FTMH at 1.5 months after surgery. PPV with membrane peel resulted in improved clinical outcomes, including enhanced visual acuity and macular structure. Conclusions: These findings support the existing research indicating the efficacy and relative safety of this surgical approach for VMT, despite the potential risks of postoperative complications.