The Tom river valley is characterized by the composite landscape structure, which is conditioned by its location in a zone of transition from Altay Mountain Region to the Western-Siberian Platform. The landscape systems of the valley have high speed of the natural transformations. Besides a lot of landscape systems have undergone serious anthropogenic modification during XX- XXI centuries. The Purpose of this work is the analysis of the spatial structure of Tom valley landscapes and their natural and anthropogenic changes from the end of XIX century. The Object of research is the Tom river valley within the limits of Tomsk Region. The Subject of research is the internal-valley differentiation of landscape systems, their modern state, natural dynamics and anthropogenic modification for last 100 years. There are used both the traditional methods of the research in physical geography (including the field expedition methods) and the newest methods of GIS-mapping and complex spatial analysis based on remote sensing data and digital elevation models. In the research there is used software: ArcGIS 10 (ESRI Inc.), ERDAS Imagine (ERDAS Inc.). The results are next: big geodatabase and GIS “Tom river valley” (including the set of digital landscape and other thematic maps with the scale 1:10 000 – 1:25 000), digital elevation model (DEM) of valley in TIN and GRID formats, morphometric indexes of landscape systems (based on DEM), main trends of landscape dynamics in the different parts of the valley

The leaf area index (LAI) is widely used as an important indicator and ecological parameter of vegetation structure and growth status, but the LAI lacks bibliometric analysis. To further understand the LAI’s research status and frontier dynamics, we used 75 years of data (1947–2021) from the Web of Science for scientific bibliometric analysis. The results showed that 22,276 LAI re-search papers were published from 1947 to 2021. According to the characteristics of the literature growth, LAI research can be divided into five stages: incubation, cultivation, acceleration, evolution, and outbreak periods. The research power at the different stages had different characteristics. The overall research power of the United States is number one globally, followed by China, Canada, and France. The related disciplines were widely varied, involving agriculture (the most studied field of LAI research), environmental science and ecology, remote sensing, and other fields. The development of the Google Earth engine, cloud computing platforms, and unmanned aerial vehicle technology will provide more critical support for LAI research. The results of this paper quantitatively show the development history, research hotspots, and application of LAI research and provide a reference for understanding the current situation and development trends of global LAI research.

Results of statistical analysis of the long-time series of flood maximum water levels in the Ob River middle course (West Siberia, Russia) are presented. Most time series are statistically non-homogeneous at the 5 % level of significance. In most cases, there is a violation of homogeneity in 1959 due to the Novosibirsk HPP flow regulation, but there might be also some natural change. The extremely low maximum levels of 2012 are the “outliers” from probability distribution functions at 5% significance level. In the modern period (after 1959), some downward tendencies in maximum water level change over the middle course of the Ob River cause decrease in the area, depth and duration of floodplain inundation.

This paper examines the role of soils in floodplain landscapes of Siberian Rivers. Floodplain landscapes are very specific objects in terms of variability and stability. Their structure is constantly changing under the influence of external factors. The processes of formation of floodplain soils are described. The deposition of alluvium plays an important role in the development of soil-forming process of the floodplain. Formed by alluvial sediments, the floodplain soils are periodically replenished with elements of plant nutrients that cause an increased and sustainable fertility of floodplain soils. The main role in the formation of soils in the floodplain landscapes of Siberian Rivers belongs to the sod soil-forming process. It takes place when there is a strong grass, sod forming, and relatively deep groundwater. It is confined mainly to the riverside floodplain and high hills of the central floodplain. The structure of the soil cover of the floodplain of rivers is analysed and mapped. The following types of alluvial soils have become widespread: sod stratified, sod, sod-gley (meadow soils), silty-gley, peatgley and peat. The characteristics of these types of soils are given.

This research focuses on the spatial analysis of the relationship between vegetation index and land surface temperature in Ternate Island, Indonesia, which is becoming increasingly relevant amidst the phenomenon of rapid urbanization. The background of the research shows that land use change has the potential to reduce green open space, contributing to an increase in surface temperature that can trigger the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. The methods used include utilizing Landsat 8 OLI/TRIS satellite image data to calculate NDVI and LST values and statistical analysis using Pearson's correlation test and Spearman's rho to identify the relationship between the two. The results showed a significant negative relationship between NDVI and LST, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.613, indicating that areas with better vegetation cover tend to have lower surface temperatures, and non-vegetated areas influence the increase of land surface temperature. The discussion highlights the importance of vegetation in regulating surface temperature through evapotranspiration and shading processes and suggests the need for afforestation strategies to mitigate climate change on Ternate Island

The nickel mining activities in Indonesia, particularly on Obi Island, have significantly altered land-use patterns, marked by an expansion of bare land due to topsoil and vegetation removal. This has led to a drastic decline in dense and productive vegetation cover, which previously served as a carbon sink and habitat for local biodiversity. Utilizing Landsat 8 Surface Reflectance Collection 2 Tier 1 imagery (2015, 2020, 2025), this study employed the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within the Google Earth Engine and ArcGIS Pro platforms to assess spatiotemporal changes in vegetation cover. Results indicate a substantial increase in non-vegetated areas and a significant reduction in moderate-to-high-density vegetation, particularly within the mining core zone, directly attributable to nickel extraction activities, which drive habitat fragmentation and ecosystem degradation. Although rehabilitation and revegetation efforts demonstrate localized success, ongoing mining pressures pose risks of further environmental damage without sustainable management. This study underscores the critical need for stringent environmental regulations and targets ecological restoration to mitigate mining impacts and ensure the long-term sustainability of Obi Island's ecosystems