Graduate education at the University of Brescia in Italy in 1993. Honorary House-Officer in the Department of Internal Medicine until October 1994. Admitted to the Post-Graduate School of Internal Medicine (University of Brescia) for a five years training course in November 1994. Honorary Specialist Registrar from November 1999 to February 2000. Junior Specialist Registrar in the Department of Internal Medicine (Spedali Civili and University of Brescia) with a special interest in gastroenterology (Endoscopy and Outpatients’ Clinic for IBD and celiac disease) from March 2000 to June 2005. Honorary Visiting Consultant Gastroenterologist at Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK in 2005. Consultant in the Division of Gastroenterology (Spedali Civili and University of Brescia) from June 2005. Member of the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO))