Lepton scattering is an established ideal tool for studying inner structure of small particles such as nucleons as well as nuclei. As a future high energy nuclear physics project, an Electron-ion collider in China (EicC) has been proposed. It will be constructed based on an upgraded heavy-ion accelerator, High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) which is currently under construction, together with a new electron ring. The proposed collider will provide highly polarized electrons (with a polarization of ∼80%) and protons (with a polarization of ∼70%) with variable center of mass energies from 15 to 20 GeV and the luminosity of (2–3) × 10³³ cm⁻² · s⁻¹. Polarized deuterons and Helium-3, as well as unpolarized ion beams from Carbon to Uranium, will be also available at the EicC.The main foci of the EicC will be precision measurements of the structure of the nucleon in the sea quark region, including 3D tomography of nucleon; the partonic structure of nuclei and the parton interaction with the nuclear environment; the exotic states, especially those with heavy flavor quark contents. In addition, issues fundamental to understanding the origin of mass could be addressed by measurements of heavy quarkonia near-threshold production at the EicC. In order to achieve the above-mentioned physics goals, a hermetical detector system will be constructed with cutting-edge technologies.This document is the result of collective contributions and valuable inputs from experts across the globe. The EicC physics program complements the ongoing scientific programs at the Jefferson Laboratory and the future EIC project in the United States. The success of this project will also advance both nuclear and particle physics as well as accelerator and detector technology in China.

The process of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to p\overline{p}$ is studied at 22 center-of-mass energy points ($\sqrt{s}$) from 2.00 to 3.08 GeV, exploiting $688.5{\mathrm{pb}}^{-1}$ of data collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider. The Born cross section (${\sigma }_{p\overline{p}}$) of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to p\overline{p}$ is measured with the energy-scan technique and it is found to be consistent with previously published data, but with much improved accuracy. In addition, the electromagnetic form-factor ratio ($|G_E/G_M|$) and the value of the effective ($|G_{\text{eff}}|$), electric ($|G_E|$), and magnetic ($|G_M|$) form factors are measured by studying the helicity angle of the proton at 16 center-of-mass energy points. $|G_E/G_M|$ and $|G_M|$ are determined with high accuracy, providing uncertainties comparable to data in the spacelike region, and $|G_E|$ is measured for the first time. We reach unprecedented accuracy, and precision results in the timelike region provide information to improve our understanding of the proton inner structure and to test theoretical models which depend on nonperturbative quantum chromodynamics.

In order to obtain an overview of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), we need a full sample. In this paper, we collected 6289 GRBs (from GRB 910421 to GRB 160509A) from the literature, including their prompt emission, afterglow, and host galaxy properties. We hope to use this large sample to reveal the intrinsic properties of GRBs. We have listed all of the data in machine-readable tables, including the properties of the GRBs, correlation coefficients and linear regression results of two arbitrary parameters, and linear regression results of any three parameters. These machine-readable tables could be used as a data reservoir for further studies on the classifications or correlations. One may find some intrinsic properties from these statistical results. With these comprehensive tables, it is possible to find relations between different parameters and to classify the GRBs into different subgroups. Upon completion, they may reveal the nature of GRBs and may be used as tools like pseudo-redshift indicators, standard candles, etc. All of the machine-readable data and statistical results are available.

To measure the R value in an energy scan experiment with e ⁺ e ⁻ collisions, precise calculation of initial state radiation is required in the event generators. We present an event generator for this consideration, which incorporates initial state radiation effects up to second order accuracy. The radiative correction factor is calculated using the totally hadronic Born cross section. The measured exclusive processes are generated according to their cross sections, while the unknown processes are generated using the LUND Area Law model, and its parameters are tuned with data collected at . The optimized values are validated with data in the range . These optimized parameters are universally valid for event generation below the DD̅ threshold.

The process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \varphi \eta$ is studied at 22 center-of-mass energy points ($\sqrt{s}$) between 2.00 and 3.08 GeV using $715{\mathrm{pb}}^{-1}$ of data collected with the BESIII detector. The measured Born cross section of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \varphi \eta$ is found to be consistent with BABAR measurements, but with improved precision. A resonant structure around 2.175 GeV is observed with a significance of $6.9\sigma$ with mass $(2163.5\pm 6.2\pm 3.0)\mathrm{MeV}/c^2$ and width $({31.1}_{-11.6}^{+21.1}\pm 1.1)\mathrm{MeV}$, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic.

Mitochondrial malfunction is considered to be a decisive signal of apoptosis. It would be a promising strategy to target mitochondria in cancer cells to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus directly inducing mitochondrial damage. We herein reported a mitochondria-targeted, photo-responsive polymer (Mito-PNBE), which can self-assemble into nanoparticles (Fe–CO@Mito-PNBE) encapsulated with diphenylcyclopropenone (light-responsive CO prodrugs) and aminoferrocene-based prodrugs via hydrophobic interactions. Upon UV-irradiation, the rapid release of CO and aminoferrocene-based prodrugs caused by disassembly was observed. On one hand, the released carbon monoxide in mitochondria could enhance ROS generation and accelerate oxidative metabolism. On the other hand, the aminoferrocene-based prodrugs will release Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ ions in the tumor microenvironment, thus triggering the Fenton reaction, which generates more ROS and damages the mitochondria. Thus, the synergistic effect of the two drugs produces enough amounts of ROS in the mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial collapse with an enhanced cancer therapeutic effect. This multifunctional platform has potential in precision cancer therapy.