Zinc is a crucial micronutrient found in food that is essential for the development of all living organisms, it plays a vital role in gene expression and various physical processes, its deficiency can lead to disease onset and reduce crop yield, restrict plant development, and lower the quality of produced goods, zinc is also used in fertilizers and the handling of metals to protect them from oxidation. Additionally, Zinc is important in enhancing the human immune system, and its deficiency can result in hair loss, memory loss, skin disorders, and muscular weakness.

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the function of bacterial surface elements and functional signals in biofilm formation. Plant-associated bacteria can significantly affect the health and productivity of a plant because they are found in many different areas of the plant, including roots, transport channels, stems, and leaves. The management of these compounds by plants is still unknown, although biofilm production on plants is associated with both symbiotic and pathogenic responses. While some of the bacteria found in biofilm matrices trigger pathogenesis, others can promote plant thriving and serve as biocontrol agents for phytopathogens. This detailed review discusses in depth the various elements and methods involved in the production of bacterial biofilms on plant surfaces and their attachment, as well as the relationship between these factors and bacterial activity and survival.

Biochar is a promising solution for pesticide pollution and soil degradation in agriculture. It improves fertilizer efficiency by increasing nutrient availability, and acts as a slow-release fertilizer. Biochar enhances soil fertility by retaining nutrients, and increasing organic matter, water retention, and microbial activity. It also shows potential in pesticide degradation through chemical, and microbial processes. However, the sorption of pesticides on biochar can hinder degradation. Factors like feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and application rate influence biochar's nutrient retention capabilities. Understanding these factors is crucial for optimizing biochar's effectiveness in agricultural systems.

Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is an important type of nut fruit in Türkiye and has value in terms of health and nutrition. Amino acids, which are one of the essential components in the process of protein synthesis in plants, are also called biostimulants. Today, these components affect fruit quality and yield positively and are used specially to increase the resistance of plants to stress. In this study, which was carried out in Demirci district of Manisa province in 2020 to determine the effect of amino acid application in different doses (0, 5, 7.5 and 10 ml/lt) on some fruit characteristics of "Kırmızı" pistachio cultivar, the treatments were applied from leaves twice (2) in May and June. Accordingly, 7.5 ml/lt (12.97 mm) and 10 ml/lt (12.70 mm) applications were found to be statistically significant in terms of fruit width. In addition, the most positive results in terms of fruit size (24.90 mm), fruit weight (1.03 g), nut weight (0.37 g) and kernel ratio (36.19%) were obtained from 10 ml/lt amino acid application. In addition, with amino acid applications, the kernel color changed from yellow to green tones and gained a brighter color. The most effective application in terms of color values was determined as amino acid at a dose of 7.5 ml/lt. As a result, amino acid applications have a positive effect in terms of improving quality properties.

Walnut (Juglans regia L.), which is an important nut fruit species in Türkiye, is grown in different ecological conditions. Economically, production is possible by carrying out adaptation studies of varieties. This study was conducted between 2021-2022.It was aimed to determine the performance of Bursa-95, Chandler, Pedro, Şebin, Topak, Yalova-1 and Yavuz walnut varieties in Kale (Denizli) ecology. Accordingly, the average nut weight varied between 10.64 g (Pedro and 16.50 g (Yalova-1) and kernel weight ranged from 4.98 to 8.14 g (Yalova-1). While Yalova-1 variety ranked first in terms of nut width and Topak variety was first in terms of nut length and height, Pedro variety ranked last for both characteristics. In the ecology in question, the Chandler variety, which has a saturated, light yellow color, was in first place, while Bursa-95 was in last place.