Investigations into the structures of gas hydrates, the mechanisms of formation, and dissociation with modern instruments on the experimental aspects, including Raman, X-ray, XRD, X-CT, MRI, and pore networks, and numerical analyses, including CFD, LBM, and MD, were carried out. The gas hydrate characteristics for dissociation and formation are multi-phase and multi-component complexes. Therefore, it was important to carry out a comprehensive investigation to improve the concept of mechanisms involved in microscale porous media, emphasizing micro-modeling experiments, 3D imaging, and pore network modeling. This article reviewed the studies, carried out to date, regarding conditions surrounding hydrate dissociation, hydrate formation, and hydrate recovery, especially at the pore-scale phase in numerical simulations. The purpose of visualizing pores in microscale sediments is to obtain a robust analysis to apply the gas hydrate exploitation technique. The observed parameters, including temperature, pressure, concentration, porosity, saturation rate, and permeability, etc., present an interrelationship, to achieve an accurate production process method and recovery of gas hydrates.

Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya has workshops or laboratories that generate hazardous waste from practical learning activities. Currently, hazardous waste is not stored in accordance with regulations, it will pose a danger to the environment and human health. Therefore, this research requires a design for hazardous waste storage that complies with the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation number 6 of 2021. The design of fire extinguisher requirements is based on the Regulation of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration of the Republic of Indonesia No. Per.04/Men/1980 and the design of lighting based on SNI 03-6575-2001. This research discusses the design of hazardous waste storage, including the characteristics of hazardous waste, the design of packaging and the supporting facilities. The characteristics of hazardous waste at the Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya consist of flammable waste, toxic waste, and infectious waste. While, the packaging for hazardous waste is equipped with symbols and labels according to their characteristics and volume. The design of the hazardous waste storage building at the Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya has dimensions of 11 m x 7 m, equipped with 12 lights and light fire extinguishers, taking into account the location, facilities, and emergency response.