Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-control cell growth. There are over 200 different types of cancer, and each is classified by the type of cell that is initially affected. This paper discusses the technical aspects of some of the ontology-based medical systems for cancer diseases. It also proposes an ontology based system for cancer diseases knowledge management. The system can be used to help patients, students and physicians to decide what cancer type the patient has, what is the stage of the cancer and how it can be treated. The system performance and accuracy are acceptable, with a cancer diseases classification accuracy of 92%.

The field of reasoning methodologies is very important in the area of knowledge computing and engineering. Reasoning methodologies has been one of the standard and improving techniques with strong methods for health expert systems industry. Reasoning techniques has provided greatest support for predicting diagnosing and treatment of disease with correct case of results. Diabetes needs greatest support of reasoning techniques for diagnosis and treatment. This paper focus on the main technical characteristics of four reasoning methodologies which are commonly used in developing diabetic expert systems, namely; reasoning with production rules, fuzzy reasoning, case-based reasoning, and ontological-case based reasoning. In addition, this paper proposes the best reasoning technique for diabetic expert systems. The main result of this study covers a variety of four reasoning methodologies, which reveals that case based reasoning paradigm is the best reasoning technique methodology regarding to the issues of maintenance,powerful and knowledge representations.

Bankruptcy prediction is one of the most significant financial decision-making problems, which prevents financial institutions from sever risks. Most of bankruptcy datasets suffer from imbalanced distribution between output classes, which could lead to misclassification in the prediction results. This research paper presents an efficient bankruptcy prediction model that can handle imbalanced dataset problem by applying Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) as a pre-processing step. It applies ensemble-based machine learning classifier, namely, Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) to classify between active and inactive classes. Moreover, the proposed model reduces the dimensionality of the used dataset to increase predictive performance by using three different feature selection techniques. The proposed model is evaluated across the most popular imbalanced bankrupt dataset, which is the Polish dataset. The obtained results proved the efficiency of the applied model, especially in terms of the accuracy. The accuracies ofthe proposed model in predicting bankruptcy on the Polish five years datasets are 98%, 98%, 97%, 97% and 95%, respectively.

Sentiment Analysis, also known as opinion mining, is the area of Natural Language Processing that aims to extract human perceptions, thoughts, and beliefs from unstructured textual content. It has become a useful, attractive, and challenging research area concerning the emergence and rise of social media and the mass volume of individuals’ reviews, comments, and feedback. One of the major problems, apparent and evident in social media, is the toxic online textual content. People from diverse cultural backgrounds and beliefs access Internet sites, concealing and disguising their identity under a cloud of anonymity. Due to users’ freedom and anonymity, as well as a lack of regulation governed by social media, cyber toxicity and bullying speech are major issues that need an automated system to be detected and prevented. There is diverse research in different languages and approaches in this area, but the lack of a comprehensive study to investigate them from all aspects is tangible. In this manuscript, a comprehensive multi-lingual and systematic review of cyber-hate sentiment analysis is presented. It states the definition, properties, and taxonomy of cyberbullying and how often each type occurs. In addition, it presents the most recent popular cyberbullying benchmark datasets in different languages, showing their number of classes (Binary/Multiple), discussing the applied algorithms, and how they were evaluated. It also provides the challenges, solutions, as well as future directions.

Arabic is a language with rich morphology and few resources. Arabic is therefore recognized as one of the most challenging languages for machine translation. The study of translation into Arabic has received significantly less attention than that of European languages. Consequently, further research into Arabic machine translation quality needs more investigation. This paper proposes a translation model between Arabic and English based on Neural Machine Translation (NMT). The proposed model employs a transformer with multi-head attention. It combines a feed-forward network with a multi-head attention mechanism. The NMT proposed model has demonstrated its effectiveness in improving translation by achieving an impressive accuracy of 97.68%, a loss of 0.0778, and a near-perfect Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) score of 99.95. Future work will focus on exploring more effective ways of addressing the evaluation and quality estimation of NMT for low-data resource languages, which are often challenging as a result of the scarcity of reference translations and human annotators.