Background: Alternative therapies, such as non-invasive neuromodulation techniques, cognitive therapies, virtual reality-based interventions, and psychological support, represent promising approaches for treating and supporting the management plan for patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Recent research has focused on the effectiveness of neuromodulation therapies, as they show improvements in both emotional and cognitive functions in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Material and Methods: A literature review was conducted by searching Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in February 2025. In total, 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria were considered for the present review, and the studies included were conducted between 2020 and 2025. Results: Innovative neuromodulation therapies have demonstrated their high potential in the management care plan of neurodegenerative disorders and as non-invasive neuromodulation therapies, both in the emotional manifestations of the patients and in the cognitive ones, with a direct impact on their caregivers’ experience. Although research is ongoing, the following preliminary findings are encouraging, suggesting that these methods may complement or even replace certain traditional interventions. Conclusions: Alternative therapies (non-invasive neuromodulation techniques, cognitive therapies, virtual reality-based interventions, and psychological support) represent promising approaches for treating and supporting the management care plan for neurodegenerative disorders, even in the cases where no other drug-based treatment option can be applied. Each method has its unique advantages, but further studies are needed to create treatment protocols and confirm their long-term effectiveness. Integrating these strategies into personalized management care plans can significantly improve cognitive function and emotional health and increase the quality of life of patients with cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders.

Anxiety and depressive disorders are among the leading causes of disability worldwide, yet current treatments remain limited by modest efficacy and restricted accessibility; non-invasive neuromodulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation (tcVNS) have emerged as promising alternatives whose combination may produce complementary clinical effects. Methods: This proof-of-concept pilot study evaluated the feasibility, tolerability, and preliminary clinical effects of a multimodal three-component protocol comprising tDCS and tcVNS delivered alongside supportive psychological counseling in 12 adults (Mage = 54.75 ± 17.47 years) with clinically significant anxiety and depressive symptoms. Participants received 10 consecutive sessions of anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (2 mA, 30 min) followed by tcVNS with PEMF, with symptoms assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and pre–post comparisons performed via the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Significant reductions were observed for both outcomes: BAI scores decreased by 52.0% (Z = −3.059, p_exact < 0.001, p_asymp = 0.002, r = 0.883) and BDI scores by 55.9% (Z = −3.059, p_exact < 0.001, p_asymp = 0.002, r = 0.883); the proportion of participants in the minimal BDI-II symptom range rose from 8.3% to 83.3%, and no adverse events were reported. Standard clinical response rates (≥50% score reduction from baseline) were achieved by 50.0% of participants for depression (BDI) and 41.7% for anxiety (BAI), with 25.0% demonstrating a concurrent dual response on both measures. Exploratory profiling and multivariable continuous modeling indicated that higher cumulative improvement was descriptively observed in older participants with greater baseline symptom severity, with baseline anxiety showing the strongest continuous standardized association (β = 0.548, p = 0.104). These are hypothesis-generating observations only. Conclusions: The combined three-component package (tDCS, tcVNS, and concurrent supportive counseling) appears feasible, well tolerated, and associated with pre–post symptom reductions that, in the absence of a control condition, cannot be causally attributed to the intervention, warranting further investigation in adequately powered randomized sham-controlled trials.

Anxiety and depressive disorders are among the leading causes of disability worldwide, yet current treatments remain limited by modest efficacy and restricted accessibility; non-invasive neuromodulation techniques as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcutaneous cervical vagus nerve stimulation (tcVNS) have emerged as promising alternatives whose combination may produce synergistic clinical effects. Methods: This proof-of-concept pilot study evaluated the feasibility, tolerability, and preliminary clinical effects of a combined tDCS and tcVNS protocol in 12 adults (Mage = 54.75 ± 17.47 years) with clinically significant anxiety and depressive symptoms; participants received 10 consecutive sessions of anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (2 mA, 20 min) followed by tcVNS with PEMF, with symptoms assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and pre–post comparisons performed via the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Significant reductions were observed for both outcomes: BAI scores decreased by 52.0% (Z = −3.059, p < .001, r = .883) and BDI scores by 55.9% (Z = −3.059, p < .001, r = .883); BDI remission rates rose from 8.3% to 83.3%, and no adverse events were reported. Standard clinical response rates (≥ 50% score reduction from baseline) were achieved by 50.0% of participants for depression (BDI) and 41.7% for anxiety (BAI), with 25.0% demonstrating concurrent dual response on both measures. A stratification into distinct response profile revealed that high responders presented with an older age profile (M = 63.33 ± 9.87 years vs. 51.89 ± 18.94 years), more pronounced baseline anxiety (M = 37.67 ± 3.06 vs. 31.67 ± 9.29), and higher baseline depression (M = 24.67 ± 5.51 vs. 21.56 ± 6.35). Conclusion: Combined tDCS and tcVNS appears feasible, well tolerated, and associated with substantial symptom reductions, warranting further investigation in adequately powered randomized sham-controlled trials.