Study Objective. This study is aimed at figuring out the role of abnormal sleep duration in predicting cardiovascular diseases. Methods. We searched the online database PubMed on 30 August 2020 for our data collection. We used the following keywords: sleep duration AND (cardiovascular disease OR cardiovascular event) AND (cohort OR prospective OR retrospective). We identified 653 studies, and after excluding studies that were published before 2015, we obtained 306 studies. After filtering the 306 studies through title and abstract screening and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we further reviewed fourteen studies with full-text reading. We excluded three studies because of insufficient data required and included eleven studies in this systematic review. Results. A total of 361,041 participants from ten studies were included in this systematic review. The incidence of hypertension, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular diseases in the short sleep duration group is 46.12, 0.59, 5.43, 0.09, 7.18, 1.48, and 6.8, consecutively, while the incidence of hypertension, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and heart failure in the long sleep duration group is 30.71, 0.61, 6.55, 1.11, and 6.04, consecutively. Nine studies reported an association between sleep duration and cardiovascular diseases while one study reported no association. Seven studies reported that short sleep duration was significantly associated with CVD. Short sleep duration in this study was associated with hypertension and heart failure. Atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease were associated with both short and long sleep duration. Conclusion. Abnormal sleep duration (short and long sleep duration) may act as the predictor of cardiovascular diseases. The importance of having normal sleep duration should be stressed with other lifestyle modification to avoid the risk of getting cardiovascular diseases. However, further studies are needed to overcome the limitation of this systematic review.

Gambaran klinis Penyakit Ginjal Kronik (PGK) terlihat nyata bila ureum darah lebih dari 200 mg/dl. Uremia menyebabkan gangguan fungsi hampir semua sistem organ seperti; gangguan cairan dan elektrolit, metabolikendokrin, neuromuskular, kardiovaskular dan paru, kulit, gastrointestinal, hematologi serta imunologi. Hemodialisis merupakan suatu usaha untuk mengurangi gejala uremia tersebut, sehingga gambaran klinis pasien juga dapat membaik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran klinis penderita PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif observasional. Sampel mencakup semua pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang tahun 2015 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, sehingga didapatkan sebanyak 104 sampel. Jenis data adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari rekam medik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebanyakan pasien adalah kelompok usia 40-60 tahun sebanyak 62,5% dan sebagian besar jenis kelamin pria sebanyak 59 pasien (56,7%). Gambaran klinis paling banyak berupa keadaan gizi sedang 94,2%, diikuti dengan kadar Hb 7-10g/dl 68,3%, konjungtiva anemia 62,5%, edema perifer 53,8%, hipertensi derajat 1 32,7%, lemah, letih, lesu sebanyak 30,8%, dan mual 12,5%. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah gambaran klinis penderita PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang terbanyak yaitu anemia hipertensi derajat satu, keadaan gizisedang, konjungtiva anemia, dan edema perifer.

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) presents a significant public health challenge. Unfortunately, there is a lack of national data regarding the incidence and prevalence of RHD in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics, burdens, and problems of RHD in Indonesia. We collected medical reports of RHD patients over 18 years of age from 21 hospitals. Secondary data about clinical and echocardiography was collected to describe the characteristics, disease conditions, and complications of the disease. We recruited 3,431 patients, average age was 44 years, and 64.4% (2,209 of 3,431) were women. Dyspnea was found in 85.7% (2,939 of 3,431), and 25% (862 of 3,431) of patients with NYHA functional class III to IV. Isolated mitral stenosis was the most prevalent valve lesion in 1,357 of 3,431 patients (39.6%). A total of 62.5 % (2,146 of 3,431) of patients had atrial fibrillation (AF), with the highest prevalence being in MV lesions. Vitamin K antagonist was prescribed in 2,411 of 3,431 (70.3%) of patients. A history of stroke was reported in 227 of 3,431 (6.6%) of patients and most frequently happened in isolated mitral stenosis patients 128 of 1,357 (9.4%). Finally, secondary prophylaxis was only administered in 1,279 of 3,431 (37.3%) of patients, and only 23.2% (796 of 3,431) had it regularly. Our patients were predominantly women and had isolated mitral stenosis. Many patients came at a later stage of the disease, with older average age, a high prevalence of AF, pulmonary hypertension, and right heart involvement. The challenges were suboptimal use of anticoagulation despite the high prevalence of AF and underused secondary prophylaxis.

Purpose: During medical residency programs, physicians develop their professional identities as specialists and encounter high expectations in terms of achieving competencies. The responsibilities of medical trainees include caring for patients, balancing work with personal life, and weathering stress, depression, and burnout. Formal academic mentoring programs strive to ease these burdens. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered the trainee–academic mentor relationship, and solutions are needed to address these challenges. The present study aimed to evaluate the formal academic mentoring process through trainees’ perceptions and expectations of formal mentoring programs during COVID-19 in Indonesian cardiology residency programs.Methods: This cross-sectional study used a self-administered online questionnaire to capture trainees’ perceptions and expectations regarding academic mentoring programs in 3 cardiology residency programs in Indonesia from October to November 2020. The questionnaire was developed before data collection. Perceptions of the existing mentoring programs were compared with expectations.Results: Responses were gathered from 169 out of 174 residents (response rate, 97.3%). Most trainees reported having direct contact with COVID-19 patients (88.82%). They stated that changes had taken place in the mode and frequency of communication with their academic advisors during the pandemic. Significant differences were found between trainees’ perceptions of the existing mentoring programs and their expectations for academic mentoring programs (P<0.001).Conclusion: Despite the challenges of interacting with their academic mentors, trainees still perceived academic mentors as a vital resource. Study programs need to consider trainees’ expectations when designing academic mentoring programs.

Objective: Cd exposure is a non-traditional risk factor of cardiovascular disease and mortality by promoting the development of atherosclerosis. The development of atherosclerosis can be monitored non-invasively by measuring carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). This study aimed to measure the level of blood Cd and other factors known to be associated with CIMT, measured at the segment of common carotid artery (CCA) and of internal carotid artery (ICA), in young adults from Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia, and we analyzed whether blood Cd is a predictor of CIMT. Results: We recruited 156 subjects. Median blood Cd level was 0.61 μg/L (range 0.01–5.96 μg/L), with no difference in male compared to female subjects (Mann–Whitney U test, p = 0.60). Multiple regression analysis showed that sex is the predictor of CCA IMT (adjusted R² = 0.219; β = −0.438 [95% CI − 0.662, − 0.214]; p < 0.001) and ICA IMT (adjusted R² = 0.165; β = − 0.529 [95% CI − 0.761, − 0.297]; p < 0.001). Blood Cd was not a predictor of CCA IMT (adjusted R² = 0.219; β = − 0.101 [95% CI − 0.257, 0.055]; p = 0.203) and ICA IMT (adjusted R² = 0.165; β = − 0.055 [95% CI − 0.217, 0.107]; p = 0.503) in young adults from Padang, Indonesia.

Cardiovascular risk factors have been known to play a role in vascular endothelial damage. Endothelial damage can cause a condition called endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction is the initial process of various cardiovascular problems such as coronary heart disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, and others. Early stage endothelial damage can actually be detected, but often patients present at the stage of cardiovascular problems. Various examinations of endothelial function start from invasive, non invasive, until biomarkers marking the occurrence of dysfunction can be done. So that we can prevent or reduce the occurrence of further damage