In most Chinese villages, mountains and water are essential resources for human life, which residents have established close connections with through subsistence and production activities. These connections involve geographical, functional, and spiritual effects, which create the unique cultural identity of a place. As a kind of rural heritage, rural industrial heritage is a concrete result of the interaction between local activities and mountains and water, thus presenting specific local characteristics. The conservation and re-use of rural heritage have become an important issue in global rural studies. Different cases that have been transformed and re-used are analyzed in this paper, in order to explore the influence of mountains and water on their local characteristics, the effects on their conservation and re-use in both spiritual and functional aspects, and suitable regeneration patterns based on local characteristics. Comparative analysis of 3D maps, diagrams, and literature materials indicate that: (1) mountains and water dominate rural industrial heritage geographical characteristics, including their layout, size, and form; (2) the direct or indirect supports of mountains and water, in terms of functional and spiritual aspects, have changed after regeneration, where spiritual supports are becoming increasingly important; and (3) regeneration patterns with different focuses represent new habitats combining natural and artificial landscapes, indicating new relationships that shift from the single utilization of mountain and water resources in the past to symbiosis and mutual benefits between residents, heritage, nature, and local communities in the modern context.

Em 2013, a Prefeitura de Barcelona inicia um processo de transformação da mobilidade urbana com a proposta das superquadras. Mediante um projeto-piloto, ensaia a reunião de nove quadras do Plano Cerdá em uma unidade de 400 × 400 metros, cujo interior restringe o tráfego veicular ao uso dos vizinhos. Podemos interpretar a intervenção como uma ação de Urbanismo Tático, liderada pelo poder público e com limitada gama de atores envolvidos, caracterizada pela implantação em fases de teste. Este artigo parte do questionamento de sua relativa novidade; conceitua brevemente o Urbanismo Tático; e discute sua abordagem “fase zero” e seu potencial de combinar ações públicas e comunitárias. A análise do caso enfoca as etapas iniciais do projeto-piloto e as controvérsias geradas ao longo do processo. Reconhecendo que a proposta se baseia na requalificação do espaço público, a crítica principal está centrada na escolha do recorte e nos insuficientes processos participativos adotados.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationship between contemporary cities and traditional urban forms. The central focus lies in identifying the key factors that facilitate the harmonious coexistence of these contrasting sides of the city.Design/methodology/approach: This study takes Iranian bazaars as exemplars of traditional urban forms. To assess their current status, a comprehensive examination of their general evolution is conducted, tracing the transition of these urban complexes up to the present day. Subsequently, morphological analysis and exploration of spatial arrangements across numerous cases are employed to unveil the factors contributing to their disappearance or adaptation within the framework of Iran’s contemporary urban era.Findings: The evolution process of the Iranian bazaar shows that the encounter between traditional bazaars and modernity occurred swiftly and blindly, resulting in adverse effects on traditional urban forms, notably bazaars. In recent years, contemporary urban planning has undertaken corrective measures, adopting a more nuanced approach. This shift significantly strides in restoring the symbiotic relationship between cities and their traditional bazaars. Morphologically, certain bazaars have preserved their vitality in contemporary cities through their natural development patterns, adept integration with new urban textures and the implementation of ingenious adaptive strategies.Originality/value: This study employs a comprehensive and equitable approach to examining a distinct category of traditional urban forms. It initiates the inquiry by meticulously considering historical continuity in conjunction with detailed contemporary circumstances, subsequently scrutinising their losses, damages and developmental aspects. An extensive collection of cases is assembled and subjected to a consistent analytical framework for comparative evaluation to obtain the most accurate result. Consequently, the outcomes of this research may help the present urban planners engaged in projects concerning the restoration, preservation, revitalisation and development of traditional urban forms.

A partir de la declaración de la Independencia en Argentina (1810-16), el Estado debe enfrentarse a la problemática de un territorio vasto, desocupado y poco productivo, cuyos recursos necesita movilizar para poder llevar a cabo las reformas necesarias para construir una economía propia. Para ello se propone la colonización del territorio de la Provincia de Buenos Aires mediante la fundación de centros de población, lo que se lleva a cabo desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta principios del XX. La fundación sistemática de más de cien ciudades en un periodo de tiempo tan acotado en una región central del país nos muestra un caso singular de colonización que, puesto en contexto con las ideas y el cuerpo técnico que posibilitaron su realización, nos permite hablar del nacimiento de un modelo de ciudad auténticamente pampeana. Since the Argentinian Independence (1810-16), the central government has to face the problem of a vast, unoccupied and unproductive territory, essential to start producing resources to generate incomes and carry out the reforms needed to build its own economy. To face this situation, a huge colonization project of the Province of Buenos Aires is proposed including the establishment of new cities. This urbanization takes place from the mid-19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The systematic foundation of over a hundred cities in such a limited period of time in the central region of the country shows a singular case of colonization, which together with the ideas and the technical staff that made possible its realization, allows us to speak of the birth of a model of genuinely Pampa city

En el siglo XIX la fundación de nuevas poblaciones vuelve a plantearse como la respuesta al problema de la colonización. En la pampa argentina, se fundan más de un centenar de poblaciones en menos de cien años. Estas poblaciones fueron trazadas en su mayoría por agrimensores siguiendo las prescripciones del Departamento Topográfico de Buenos Aires. La cartografía elaborada por los agrimensores tiene la función de dividir la tierra para adjudicar a los futuros pobladores. No obstante, estos mapas se presentan también como la herramienta (casi siempre la única) de “diseño” y construcción de la ciudad. En el presente artículo, se pretende poner en valor las estrategias operativas que permitieron la producción de estas cartografías urbanas, sobre la base del análisis de más de 200 planos de poblaciones.