The growth of the global population coupled with a decline in natural resources, farmland, and the increase in unpredictable environmental conditions leads to food security is becoming a major concern for all nations worldwide. These problems are motivators that are driving the agricultural industry to transition to smart agriculture with the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data solutions to improve operational efficiency and productivity. The IoT integrates a series of existing state-of-the-art solutions and technologies, such as wireless sensor networks, cognitive radio ad hoc networks, cloud computing, big data, and end-user applications. This study presents a survey of IoT solutions and demonstrates how IoT can be integrated into the smart agriculture sector. To achieve this objective, we discuss the vision of IoT-enabled smart agriculture ecosystems by evaluating their architecture (IoT devices, communication technologies, big data storage, and processing), their applications, and research timeline. In addition, we discuss trends and opportunities of IoT applications for smart agriculture and also indicate the open issues and challenges of IoT application in smart agriculture. We hope that the findings of this study will constitute important guidelines in research and promotion of IoT solutions aiming to improve the productivity and quality of the agriculture sector as well as facilitating the transition towards a future sustainable environment with an agroecological approach.

The explosive development of electrical engineering in the early 19th century marked the birth of the 2nd industrial revolution, with the use of electrical energy in place of steam power, as well as changing the history of human development. The versatility of electricity allows people to apply it to a multitude of fields such as transportation, heat applications, lighting, telecommunications, and computers. Nowadays, with the breakout development of science and technology, electric energy sources are formed by many different technologies such as hydroelectricity, solar power, wind power, coal power, etc. These energy sources are connected to form grid systems to transmit electricity to cities, businesses and homes for life and work. Electrical energy today has become the backbone of all modern technologies. To ensure the safe, reliable and energy-efficient operation of the grid, a wide range of grid management applications have been proposed. However, a significant challenge for monitoring and controlling grids is service response time. In recent times, to solve this problem, smart grid management applications based on IoT and edge computing have been proposed. In this work, we perform a comprehensive survey of edge computing for IoT-enabled smart grid systems. In addition, recent smart grid frameworks based on IoT and edge computing are discussed, important requirements are presented, and the open issues and challenges are indicated. We believe that in the Internet of Things era, the smart grid will be the future of energy. We hope that these study results will contribute important guidelines for in-depth research in the field of smart grids and green energy in the future.

While the fifth-generation mobile network is being commercialized worldwide, researchers have recently started looking towards the next generation, called the 6G network. Unlike 5G and previous generations of wireless technologies designed to improve network performance for greater bandwidth, lower latency and greater reliability, 6G ecosystems is considered a platform conducive to innovations in the fields of computing, artificial intelligence, connectivity and sensors, virtualization and more. It is designed to meet the requirements of higher global coverage, greater spectral efficiency, a reduced carbon footprint, with an emphasis on sustainability, equity, trust and security through unprecedented architectural evolutions and technology. 6G will be an integrated network system that includes a traditional terrestrial mobile network, space network, and underwater network to provide ubiquitous network access. Even if there are studies on vision of 6G network that have already been published, there is still a significant amount of ground to cover. There is no decision made yet regarding anything and nothing has been ruled out. The focus of this study is to identify a complete picture of changes in architectures, technologies, and challenges that will shape the 6G network. We hope the research results will provide indications for further studies on 6G ecosystems.

The rapid growth of the consumer Internet of Things (CIoT) has resulted in substantial enhancements in networking and data analytics. The emergence of customer-centric communication technologies like mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), also known as self-organizing networks (SONs), along with the integration of 5G Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, has paved the way for intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In SONs, each vehicle serves as a network node. Hence, it is essential for these network nodes to interact, communicate, and exchange data in a flexible, efficient, and convenient manner. SONs offer revolutionary communication capabilities by enabling self-configuration, self-setting, and autonomous data transmission. However, one significant drawback of SONs is their poor network performance. In this study, we have developed an efficient routing scheme that aims to enhance the performance and reduce energy consumption of SONs for ITS in smart cities with low mobility speeds. The simulation results clearly show that the proposed algorithm performs better than conventional routing protocols in low-speed mobility scenarios. It outperforms in terms of network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, and latency.