Background: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are a common complication in sports, with an overall prevalence ranging from 0.71% to 60%. Kickboxing is a high-risk combat sport for trauma to the facial region. Methods: A total of 142 5-to-65-year-old amateur athletes participated in the survey with a questionnaire that was released during their regular practice days. The questionnaire was structured into three parts: (1) questions about age, gender, type, and time of sports practice; (2) questions about dental injuries, personal experience, and awareness of emergency management, particularly about tooth avulsion; (3) questions about wearing a mouthguard for TDI prevention. Results: A total of 13 percent of athletes suffered a TDI while training or fighting. Regarding first aid, 61% of the participants in this survey are aware of the possibility of replanting a tooth after its avulsion; 10% believe that the tooth should be replanted within 15 min, and 37% of athletes believe that it should be kept wet. The mouthguard is known to the majority of athletes (94%), and 66% were informed by the coach; 68% of the athletes use it. Seventy-four percent of the mouthguards were purchased in a sports shop. Conclusions: A relatively low prevalence of TDIs was observed in players in the sample. A lack of information about the emergency management of tooth avulsion and about the type of mouthguard to wear emphasizes the importance of educational training by dentists to athletes and coaches.

The aim of this study i.e., is to present the distribution of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in 306 patients registered at the Unit of Dental Emergencies at a University Dental Clinic in Milan, Italy, between June 2019 and May 2021. This time frame includes the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Information regarding age, gender, number and type of injured teeth, type of traumatic injury, and data on where or how the injury happened were recorded. Seventy-nine percent of patients can be classified as pediatric (under 14 years old), and in all age groups, male patients were found to be more susceptible (1.6:1). A total of 480 teeth were involved, 59% of which were deciduous, and 41% permanent. The most affected teeth in both dentitions were upper central incisors. In deciduous teeth, periodontal lesions were more common, whereas in permanent dentitions, dental fractures were diagnosed more often. Most data found in this study confirms the results found in the literature. The biggest difference, due to changes in daily routine during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, can be found by analyzing the incidence and etiology. As a matter of fact, there was a decrease in school accidents, whereas domestic falls remained constant.

A retrospective analysis was performed with the aim of understanding whether the risk factors showed in the literature for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) in cancer patients are also relevant in osteoporotic patients taking antiresorptive drugs (ARDs). Data were retrospectively pooled from health records of patients on ARDs who requested a dental visit between January 2006 and April 2020 in the Dental Unit at Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan. A total of 434 patients were included. The following variables were collected: sex, age, smoking habit, type of ARD, duration of treatment, route of administration, therapeutic indication, concurrent systemic therapies and pathologies. Statistical analysis confirmed the relevance of chemotherapy, smoking, and immunosuppressive drugs as risk factors. In addition, a higher frequency of MRONJ in osteoporotic patients was reported in our cohort in association with an immunodeficiency disorder of variable origin. In conclusion, the identification of individual risk-profile before dental treatments is crucial for prevention. Anamnesis should include main risk factors, such as immunosuppression, dental extractions, smoking, trauma, and poor dental health. Nevertheless, our suggestion for dental professionals is to conduct a complete medical history of patients who mention long-term per oral therapies with ARDs for osteoporosis. Osteoporotic, as well as cancer patients, may also benefit from periodic monitoring of the ARDs therapy in order to prevent MRONJ.

A proactive prevention attitude is the most appropriate choice for ensuring healthy oral conditions in patients on anti-resorptive therapy. For this reason an assistance service called Progetto Bifosfonati was set up at the Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan (IRCCS Fondazione CàGranda) for secondary and tertiary prevention of MRONJ. Since 2006 the Project has admitted patients taking or approaching a therapy with antiresorptive drugs (ARDs), coming from various backgrounds: some were sent from hospital wards, some by general practitioners in private clinics, some came spontaneously. Clinical examination is based on standardized clinical records that include details of their medical history. Below we describe cases of osteonecrosis in patients with osteoporosis, underlining their clinical history and comorbidities.