The study aims to predict the future of Egyptian foreign trade with some African blocs, which include SADC, IAAC and COMESA, in light of the environmental and economic changes, whether those related to the African side or those related to the Egyptian side. The study reached, through the used approach, which is the quantitative approach, by predicting using the ARIMA model, to a number of results, the most important of which is that the growth rate of Egyptian exports to the countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) during the period (2022-2030) amounted to about 14.13%, while the countries of the Common Market for Eastern bloc and South Africa (COMESA) amounted to about 7.85%, and the countries of the East African Community (EAC) amounted to about 18.57%. On the other hand, the growth rate of Egyptian imports from the Southern African Development Community (SADC) bloc countries reached about 12.04%, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) bloc countries reached about 17.74%, and the East African Community (EAC) bloc countries reached about 2.78%. The study recommended the need to open markets for Egyptian products or commodities in the three African blocs, given the presence of a large number of consumers in those markets, which represents an increase in demand for Egyptian products.

Despite the significant role that small enterprises play in economic development; they face numerous challenges. This research aims to address these challenges by examining the institutional structure that supports small and medium enterprises. The study seeks to identify any shortcomings in the current system and propose solutions to overcome them. Additionally, the research analyzes the current state of the small enterprise sector in North Sinai and identifies the key institutions that support it. Furthermore, the study aims to identify the major challenges faced by small enterprises. The findings of the research highlight the social benefits of small enterprises, such as their contribution to reducing unemployment rates. These enterprises employ a significant percentage of the global workforce, ranging from 40% to 80%, depending on the country's economy. Moreover, small projects and companies constitute 90% of the total number of projects worldwide. These enterprises also cater to the needs of local communities by providing products and services that directly impact individuals' lives. Additionally, they offer local alternatives to imported goods. Small projects also foster social harmony by creating opportunities for young and creative individuals to implement their ideas. Furthermore, these projects increase individuals' average income and contribute to economic growth by generating financial surpluses. However, small enterprises face various challenges. Government regulations, including control, supervision, and monitoring, pose significant obstacles. Financing is another major challenge for these enterprises. Moreover, marketing difficulties often lead to the failure of many small projects.

یستهدف البحث تعظیم الصادرات لأهم المحاصیل من النباتات الطبیة باستخدام البرمجة الخطیة وأسلوب التحلیل الوصفی والکمی وتم استخدام بیانات ثانویة غیر المنشورة من الجهاز المرکزی للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء. وتوصلت النتائج إلی أن العوائد المتوقعة من صادرات تلک الزروع للأسواق الخارجیة قد بلغت أقصی قیمة لها کمتوسط للفترة (2008-2012) حوالی 78.7، 40.6، 17.8، 33.6، 10.8 ملیون جنیه بمعدل تغیر بلغ نحو 19.8%، 11.9%، 18.8، 17.8%، 29.7% لمحاصیل الشمر، الکراویة، الکزبرة، الکمون، والیانسون علی الترتیب. ومما لا شک فیه أن زیادة العوائد المتوقعة من تلک المحاصیل مجتمعة والبالغة نحو 27.7 ملیون جنیه سوف تساهم فی تخفیض العجز فی المیزان التجاری الزراعی المصری. کما أنها تشجع علی إنتاج هذه المحاصیل فی الأسواق المحلیة.

The study aims to identify the current situation of small and micro enterprise development in North Sinai Governorate. The results show that the number of micro projects funded by the Enterprise Development Authority in North Sinai Governorate during (2005-2021) was about 8,650 projects, and the number of small projects financed by The Enterprise Development Agency approximately 1,840 projects, and the value of microenterprise loans financed by the Enterprise Development Agency amounted to approximately 55.05 million pounds, and the value of small enterprise loans financed by the Enterprise Development Authority amounted to approximately 127.1 million pounds. By studying the economic efficiency of microenterprises operating within the sheep fattening activity with a sample The study in North Sinai Governorate during the 2022 fattening season showed that the cost-return ratio reached about 1.32, which indicates that the return on the pound invested in the project reached about 31.65%. The results also indicate that the project's profit margin reached about 24.02%, and the relative profitability factor reached about 64.26%. The economic efficiency of the project amounted to about 0.96 pounds, meaning that the pound spent on fixed and variable production factors achieves an added value of about 0.96 pounds, at the level of the total sample projects, during the 2022 fattening season. The study recommends increasing the expansion of sheep fattening projects as it achieves Great economic return and low investment cost within a short period of time compared to other projects.