Mohammad Ghaffar Faraj is a Professor at the Department of Physics, Koya University. He holds a Ph.D. degree in solar energy from the School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). With extensive research experience, including a Post-doctorate Fellowship from the University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Spain, Dr. Faraj has made significant contributions to the fields of solar cells, thin films, nanotechnology, polymers, and photodetectors Heterojunction. His research endeavors are showcased through his publications in prestigious ISI and Scopus journals, as well as his active participation in international conferences. He has been published 50 papers in the ISI journals and 9 papers in International journals.