Shared micromobility is a new phenomenon being observed in urban transport. It is a response to the problems associated with congestion and environmental pollution. Small electric vehicles such as e-scooters are highly suitable for crowded city centres, often providing an alternative to private motor vehicles or public transport, and serve as a good first- and last-mile transport option. While they have become a feature of sustainable transport systems in cities, their impact on the environment often depends on the services offered by operators of this mode of personal transport. There are many tools available to measure the quality of transport, e-services and shared mobility services. However, no specific mechanism has been designed for vehicles in the field of shared e-scooters (research gap). The aim of the article is to verify whether the three dimensions identified by the authors: mobile application functions, device features, and customer service are valid for examining the quality of shared e-micromobility factors on the example of e-scooters. Based on the obtained results, the authors created the MMQUAL (MicroMobility QUALity) model, which accurately describes the quality of the studied phenomenon. The results of the study can serve as a platform for researchers interested in further exploring the issue and improving the proposed model. They may also be of commercial value to operators, who could use this tool to boost the competitiveness of their services by enhancing those features that have the greatest impact on their quality.

WPŁYW EKOINNOWACJI NA WZROST KONKURENCYJNOŚCI PRZEDSIĘBIORSTW

Re-commerce, or the re-trading of clothes, is gaining popularity in the fashion industry, especially among the younger generation Z. The rapid growth of apps such as Vinted and Depop, as well as the increasing number of online and stationary second-hand shops, indicates a change in consumer attitudes towards second-hand clothing shopping. For Generation Z, known for their greater environmental awareness and desire for authenticity, re-commerce is becoming an attractive alternative to fast fashion. The aim of this article is to explore how re-commerce fits into the shopping requirements of generation Z. The article analyses the motivations, attitudes and shopping habits of the younger generation in the context of the second-hand clothing market, and identifies barriers that may influence their consumer decisions. The study used the original author's social research conducted using a diagnostic survey method (CAWI survey questionnaire). The results obtained can contribute to a better understanding of the role of e-commerce in the fashion industry and point to directions for further research on sustainable consumption among the younger generation. The results of the analyses provide new insights into the shopping preferences of generation Z, identifying barriers and motivations of consumers. They address the subject of changing attitudes to consumption among Generation Z representatives, the promotion of a circular economy and changing consumer shopping patterns, as well as the perception of second-hand clothes. However, the research results are limited to a specific, narrow group of respondents (generation Z) and have territorial limitations (respondents from Poland). Nevertheless, they can be used in practice in the marketing strategies of clothing companies, the development of e-commerce platforms and the promotion and education of conscious consumption.

Celem artykułu jest podkreślenie wzrastającego znaczenia logistyki zwrotnej w dobie mocno rozwiniętego konsumpcjonizmu oraz zwrócenie uwagi na ponowne wykorzystanie opakowań w aspekcie funkcjonowania systemu kaucyjnego. Badanie zrealizowane w ramach artykułu miało na celu zdobycie informacji na temat nawyków i poziomu wiedzy konsumentów w zakresie systemu kaucyjnego szklanych butelek zwrotnych w Polsce, a także zidentyfikowanie obecnych w nim ewentualnych mankamentów. Część badawcza artykułu została oparta na badaniach społecznych przeprowadzonych metodą sondażu diagnostycznego. Badanie nie wykazało korelacji między wiekiem respondentów a wybieraniem przez nich napojów w szklanych butelkach zwrotnych. Nie zaobserwowano również istotnych korelacji w przypadku częstotliwości oddawania butelek zwrotnych i takich zmiennych, jak miejsce zamieszkania czy deklarowane przez badanego zarobki. Odpowiedzi ankietowanych na temat wprowadzenia butelkomatów zdecydowanie popierały to działanie, a także uznawały je za usprawniające działanie systemu kaucyjnego oraz zachęcające do uczestnictwa w nim. Artykuł stanowi oryginalne opracowanie ukazujące znaczenie systemu kaucyjnego w zarządzaniu gospodarką odpadami w kontekście realizacji założeń gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym.