Small extracellular vesicles called exosomes, which cells release, have drawn a lot of attention recently because of their ability to serve as therapeutic delivery systems for drugs and regenerative medicine applications. The investigation of plant-based exosomes as a cutting-edge platform for drug administration has emerged as an enticing research topic. A summary of the pharmaceutical feasibility of exosomes generated from plants and their uses in drug delivery along with regenerative medicine are the goals of this review study. Plant exosomes can be combined into nanoparticlebased medication delivery systems to increase their stability, targeting, and cargo delivery capabilities. By loading plant exosomes with therapeutic compounds and encapsulating them within nanoparticles, controlled release and targeted distribution to specific cells or tissues may be achieved. In gene therapy, plant exosomes can be modified to carry nucleic acids like plasmid DNA, siRNA, or miRNA. Effective gene delivery and therapeutic gene expression regulation can be accomplished by encasing nucleic acids in exosomes or surface-modifying exosomes to improve their interaction with target cells. In this review, we through the history and features of plant exosomes, examine how they differ from mammalian exosomes, and consider how they may be used for gene therapy, tissue regeneration, and targeted medication delivery. The difficulties and prospects for creating exosomebased plant medicines are also explored.

Sericin, a protein extracted from the cocoons of silkworms, has recently become an attractive biomaterial due to its potential as a good candidate for wound healing especially wounds seen in diabetic and immune-compromised patients. This review discusses the special biological nature of sericin such as its water-solubility and inherent moisturizing properties, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities, which can act synergistically to foster ideal conditions for wound healing. The incorporation of sericin into composite wound dressings along with other natural and synthetic polymers was found to improve the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and overall therapeutic performance. Moreover, the review draws attention toward sericin-based materials in diabetic wound healing with a focus on promoting rapid tissue regeneration and cell proliferation and enhancing clinical outcomes that conventional therapeutics cannot serve. The review also discusses the challenges associated with the production and application of sericin-based wound dressings and outlines the prospects for this emerging field. As research continues to advance, silk sericin holds the potential to revolutionize wound care, offering innovative solutions for the effective and holistic management of complex wounds.

: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a fatal hereditary condition marked by thicker mucus production, which can cause problems with the digestive and respiratory systems. The quality of life and survival rates of CF patients can be improved by early identification and individualized therapy measures. With an emphasis on its applications in diagnosis and therapy, this paper investigates how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the management of Cystic Fibrosis (CF). AI-powered algorithms are revolutionizing CF diagnosis by utilizing huge genetic, clinical, and imaging data databases. In order to identify CF mutations quickly and precisely, machine learning methods evaluate genomic profiles. Furthermore, AI-driven imaging analysis helps to identify lung and gastrointestinal issues linked to cystic fibrosis early and allows for prompt treatment. Additionally, AI aids in individualized CF therapy by anticipating how patients will react to already available medications and enabling customized treatment regimens. Drug repurposing algorithms find prospective candidates from already-approved drugs, advancing treatment choices. Additionally, AI supports the optimization of pharmacological combinations, enhancing therapeutic results while minimizing side effects. AI also helps with patient stratification by connecting people with CF mutations to therapies that are best for their genetic profiles. Improved treatment effectiveness is promised by this tailored strategy. The transformational potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of cystic fibrosis is highlighted in this review, from early identification to individualized medication, bringing hope for better patient outcomes, and eventually prolonging the lives of people with this difficult ailment.

Precision medicine has emerged as a promising approach for personalized healthcare, particularly in the field of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Diagnostic approach in early basis plays a crucial impact in improving patient outcomes, as it permits timely intervention and tailored treatment strategies. Nanosensors, with their unique properties and capabilities, offer groundbreaking opportunities for detection in the primary phase and as well as disease monitoring. The basic fundamental principles of Nanosensors are important to understand the mechanism of working and utilization of the technique. Cardiac diseases are the foremost origin of illness and mortality all over the globe. The physical, biological and pathophysiology of CVDs can be precisely identified by appropriate and exact detection of pertinent biomarkers and function limits. Nanosensors basically incorporate the benefit of Nanomaterials for detection methods. Nanosensors generally exposed a great possible approach for speedy detection of CVDs, specifically in primary prophecy. Advancement of current therapy in Nanosensors for recognition of cardiac disease are briefed, including different types of sensors such as optical, electrochemical, paper-based and pressure Nanosensors. Though Nanoparticles raise the impact on health, there are some limitations in scalability, and standardization of the Nanosensor having good selectivity, efficacy, sensitivity, biocompatibility and limit of detection as compared to the conventional way. Project tactics for various Nanosensors via conforming identifying Nanomaterials, with their mechanistic approach, highlight the potential of precision medicine as well as Nanosensor.

: Diabetes Mellitus and its associated brain disorders become more prevalent across the globe. Several comorbidity factors are associated with diabetic mellitus as well as the nervous system. Static molecular variations in the Central Nervous System (CNS) due to Hyperglycemia may be a major cause of psychiatric disorders. Carbohydrates and proteins imbalance as metabolic parameters impact the downregulation of neurotransmitters in the brain region. Glucose metabolism has a key role in brain physiology as well as in neuro-energetics, transmission, and defensive mechanisms of the brain. Several studies revealed that CNS-acting medications overstated the glucose homeostasis associated with brain functioning as well as pharmacological effects. Polyphenols are an assembly of plant-derived composites with anti-inflammatory properties working on the inflammatory markers as well as antioxidant possessions that decrease the oxidative stress that is accompanied by a low pervasiveness of metabolic conditions categorized by insulin resistance. Those Natural products influenced the molecular signaling pathway, which is directly related to depression, cognitive impairment and neurotransmission. Currently, there are not any exact pharmacotherapies accessible for CNS form-induced diabetes. However, around some prebiotics, probiotics with natural remedies show promise in treating these central nervous system difficulties. Consequently, proof-based research concluded the translational study with a clinical setting understanding the connotation among brain glucose homeostasis and central nervous system complications is warranted, and the progress of pharmacologically dynamic therapy for active treatment of comorbidities diseases related to diabetes mellitus.