This review summarizes the recent advancements in the mechanical properties of nanocomposites reinforced with surface-modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs). A range of matrices, namely, polymers, metals, and cement, is investigated, which have demonstrated increasing importance in a broad range of industrial sectors, such as 3D printing, automotive, construction, and coatings. The strengthening mechanisms that CNTs impart in composites are reviewed, and synergistic effects with their surface groups or co-additives are analyzed, including wettability, mechanical interlocking, and chemical bonding. Different mechanical and functional properties of the CNT-reinforced nanocomposites are analyzed, such as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity. The improvements in these properties for a variety of CNT-based composites are presented, and details on how these improvements were attained are discussed. The review concludes that surface modification of CNTs has proven to be of high importance, enhancing compatibility with various matrices and facilitating improvements in the nanocomposite properties. Suggestions for viable CNT-based composites for use in the studied applications are also provided.

Nanomaterials have been commonly employed to enhance the performance of polymeric membrane materials that are used in several industrial applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained notable attention over the years for use in membrane technology due to their anti-biofouling properties, salt rejection capability, exceptional electrical conductivity, and mechanical properties. This paper aims to discuss some of the recent applications of CNTs in membrane technology and their effect on a larger scale. The paper reviews successful case studies of incorporation of CNTs in membranes and their impact on water purification, desalination, gas separations, and energy storage, in an effort to provide a better understanding of their capabilities. Regarding the future trends of this technology, this review emphasizes improving the large-scale production processes and addressing environmental and health-related hazards of CNTs during production and usage.