Ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) is the presence of functional ovarian tissue with signs of oestrus as a complication after ovariohysterectomy (OHE) or ovariectomy. Stump pyometra is another complication that can be observed after OHE. However, there are few reports about ORS and stump pyometra in queens. In this report, three queens with recurrent oestrous behaviours after OHE are described. In two queens, ORS with stump pyometra was diagnosed and in one queen ORS alone was diagnosed by physical examination, medical history, vaginal cytology and ultrasonography. Remnant ovarian and uterine tissues were removed by laparotomy. Two queens recovered without any complications; however, one queen died 2 days after surgery. This study reveals that ORS and stump pyometra can result in severe disease and can be fatal.

This study was planned to examine the effect of blue light exposure and exposure time on puberty. Eighteen 21-day-old female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups consisting of six rats in each group: Control Group (CG), Blue Light-6 hours (BL-6), and Blue Light-12 hours (BL-12). CG rats were maintained with 12/12-hour light-dark cycles. The rats of BL-6 and BL-12 were exposed to blue light(450-470nm/irradiance level 0.03uW/cm2) for 6 hours and 12 hours, respectively. Rats were exposed to blue light until the first signs of puberty. Serum FSH, LH, Estradiol, testosterone, DHEA-S, leptin, and melatonin were studied by the ELISA method. Ovaries and uterus were dissected for histomorphological examination. The medians of the pubertal entry days of the CG, BL-6, and BL-12 were 38^th,32^th, and 30^th days, respectively (p:0.001). The FSH, testosterone, DHEA-S, and leptin concentrations of all groups were similar. However, LH and estradiol concentrations of BL-6 were higher compared to CG. There was a negative correlation between blue light exposure, exposure time, and melatonin concentrations (r=-0.537, p=0.048). Ovarian tissue was compatible with the pubertal period in all groups. As the blue light exposure time increased, capillary dilatation and edema in the ovarian tissue increased. Prolonged exposure caused polycystic ovary-like (PCO) morphological changes and apoptosis in granulosa cells. Our study is the first to show the effects of blue light exposure on puberty. Our study showed that exposure to blue light and the duration of exposure lead to early puberty in female rats. As the duration of blue light exposure increased, PCO-like, inflammation, and apoptosis were detected in the ovaries.

There are limited data on the effects of a high-fructose diet on the female reproductive system. Although metformin has some functional effects on female fertility, its reproductive outcome on high fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome is unclear. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the impact of a high fructose diet on histomorphological and molecular parameters of the reproductive organs and vaginal microbiota as well as the treatment potential of metformin. Wistar albino rats were used in the study. The metabolic syndrome model was induced by a high-fructose diet in rats for 15 weeks. Metformin was orally administered once a day for the last 6 weeks. The high-fructose diet increased blood glucose, triglycerides, insulin, and ovarian testosterone levels; however, it reduced ovarian aromatase levels and follicle numbers and caused uterine inflammation. The high-fructose diet-induced molecular abnormalities on ovarian tissue were demonstrated by the downregulation of ovarian insulin signaling pathway proteins and dysregulation of ovarian mitogenic and apoptotic pathway proteins. A high-fructose diet caused vaginal dysbiosis, metformin increased probiotic bacteria in the vaginal microbiota. Our results revealed that metformin improves ovarian impairments by modulating hormonal balance, insulin level, mapk, and apoptotic signaling molecules, as well as regulating the vaginal microbiota.

Medicinal plants have a long history of use as food and remedy in traditional and modern societies, as well as have been used as herbal drugs and sources of novel bioactive compounds. They provide a wide array of chemical compounds, many of which can not be synthesized via current synthesis methods. Natural products may provide aromatase inhibitory activity through various pathways and may act clinically effective for treating pathologies associated with excessive aromatase secretion including breast, ovarian and endometrial cancers, endometriosis, uterine fibroid, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, infertility, and gynecomastia. Recent studies have shown that natural products with aromatase inhibitory activity, could also be good options against secondary recurrence of breast cancer by exhibiting chemopreventive effects. Therefore, screening for new plant-based aromatase inhibitors may provide novel leads for drug discovery and development, particularly with increased clinical efficacy and decreased side effects.