Culture is the fourth pillar of sustainable development. The protection of intangible cultural heritage is an important way to safeguard the transmission of intangible heritage across generations. With the help of cultural ecology theory, this paper compares cases of inheritance and development in two different handicrafts: Bai tie-dyeing and Beijing carved lacquer. The results show that under the influence of different cultural ecologies, the family inheritance pattern of Bai tie-dyeing, and the master–apprentice inheritance pattern of Beijing carved lacquer have undergone qualitative changes in modern society. This paper puts forward the distinction between representative inheritance and group inheritance and suggests a protection mechanism accordingly. This paper further suggests that a modern mentoring model should be promoted as the inheritance pattern to further aid handicraft development, and a clear division of economic interests is also appointed to apply with the premiumization development and mass development.

Changes in the structure and number of synapses modulate learning, memory and cognitive disorders. Ubiquitin-mediated protein modification is a key mechanism for regulating synaptic activity, though the precise control of this process remains poorly understood. RING finger protein 13 (RNF13) is a recently identified E3 ubiquitin ligase, and its in vivo function remains completely unknown. We show here that genetic deletion of RNF13 in mice leads to a significant deficit in spatial learning as determined by the Morris water maze test and Y-maze learning test. At the ultrastructral level, the synaptic vesicle density was decreased and the area of the active zone was increased at hippocampal synapses of RNF13-null mice compared with those of wild-type littermates. We found no change in the levels of SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptor) complex proteins in the hippocampus of RNF13-null mice, but impaired SNARE complex assembly. RNF13 directly interacted with snapin, a SNAP-25-interacting protein. Interestingly, snapin was ubiquitinated by RNF13 via the lysine-29 conjugated polyubiquitin chain, which in turn promoted the association of snapin with SNAP-25. Consistently, we found an attenuated interaction between snapin and SNAP-25 in the RNF13-null mice. Therefore, these results suggest that RNF13 is involved in the regulation of the SNARE complex, which thereby controls synaptic function.