The development of oral dissolving film (ODF) of atenolol is an attempt to enhance convenience and compliance for geriatric patients suffering from hypertension. Film former is the most essential component in ODF that determines the physical characteristic and drug release. In this study, three different types of film former including HPMC E5 4% (w/v), 5% (w/v), CMC-Na 3% (w/v), 4% (w/v), and Na-alginate 2.5% (w/v), 3% (w/v) were optimized in Formula 1 (F1) to Formula 6 (F6), respectively. A solvent casting method was employed to develop ODF of atenolol. The films formed by HPMC E5 produced a smooth and flexible surface, whereas CMC-Na and Na-alginate produced gritty textured films. Satisfactory results were obtained from several physical parameters such as film thickness, folding endurance, swelling index, and disintegration time. The homogeneity, drug content, and dissolution properties of ODF with HPMC exhibited better characteristics than the other formulas. Formula 1 exhibited the highest drug release compared to the other ODFs. The molecular docking results showed that there was a hydrogen bonding between atenolol and film formers which was also supported by the FTIR spectrum. The findings of this study suggest that HPMC E5 is the most favorable film former for ODF of atenolol.

Overexposure to the sun can lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which accelerates the aging process of the skin. The formation of ROS can be prevented with antioxidant compounds. Coenzyme Q10 is a lipophilic antioxidant because it has 10 isoprene side chains, causing coenzyme Q10 to have low skin penetration ability. Thus, the Coenzyme Q10 Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) technology was created to improve coenzyme Q10's skin penetration. This research examined the physicochemical properties of scaled-up Coenzyme Q10 NLC formulation. The method used is High Shear Homogenization HSH), by testing two formulas, namely F1 with 20% surfactant content and 30% surfactant F2. The results obtained for the physicochemical characteristics of F1 and F2 were seen from the organoleptic parameters which were yellowish in color, semisolid, and had a characteristic odor of fat; viscosity (825.60±537.63cps; 2588.33±584.42cps), pseudoplastic flow properties; pH (5,74±0,057; 5,80±0,021), particle size (592,33±158,19nm; 257,5±39,53nm), zeta potential (-12,73±18.5mV; -36, 1±20.91mV), polydispersity index (0,461±0,129; 0,223±0,104), spherical and smooth surface morphology; decreased and increased peak height at º2Th (21.5645, 23.005; 18.9246, 22.9967), and no interaction was found between the active ingredient and the carrier. This study finds that a successful formulation of coenzyme Q10 NLC has been made.

Mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) shows strong potential in treating diabetic ulcers. Topical applications via dermal patches enable direct delivery of active compounds while protecting wounds from contaminants, preventing bacterial invasion, and maintaining moisture factors essential for promoting effective wound healing in diabetic patients. The dermal patches of mangosteen peel extract were developed using a combination of EC and PVP K-30 polymers. Previously, the mangosteen peels were extracted utilizing the ultrasound-assisted extraction method. Subsequently, the dermal patches were prepared utilizing solvent casting techniques, employing a combination of ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone in ratios of 1:3 (F1), 1:2 (F2), and 1:1 (F3). The dermal patches were assessed for their physicochemical properties, including organoleptic characteristics, thickness, weight uniformity, folding endurance, moisture uptake, moisture loss, and pH values. The content of alpha-mangostin was analyzed using UV spectrophotometry, while the interactions between the active ingredient and excipients were examined through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The crystallinity profiles were analyzed using an X-ray diffractometer. Surface morphologies were assessed using scanning electron microscopy. The dermal patches were thin, light yellow, smelled of menthol, uniform in size, and exhibited good folding endurance (>300 folds). The moisture uptake and moisture loss were minimal. The pH values ranged from 6.99 to 7.24. The total xanthone concentrations in patches F1, F2, and F3 were 95.26% ± 0.47, 71.42% ± 1.99, and 78.54% ± 0.47, respectively. It showed no chemical interaction between active ingredients and excipients and had amorphous forms. The surface morphologies displayed smoothness for F1, whereas F2 and F3 exhibited solid spots. It was concluded that formulation F1, which contained ethyl cellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone in a 1:3 ratio, was the optimal formulation.