In the context of climate change, extreme meteorological events such as severe storms produced by an isolated high-level atmospheric depression (known in Spanish as “Depresión Aislada en Niveles Altos”—DANA) are becoming increasingly frequent in the Mediterranean region, posing significant risks to ecosystems and human infrastructure. This study evaluates the impact of a DANA event in October 2024 on the water quality of Albufera Lake (Spain), a crucial Mediterranean wetland. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted by combining field data on physicochemical and biological parameters with satellite observations (Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8) to assess alterations before and after the event. Variables such as conductivity, nitrate, and total solids exhibited significant reductions immediately following the DANA, with conductivity decreasing by 82% compared to pre-event levels. These alterations signify a substantial renewal of the lake system driven by heavy rainfall and subsequent water releases. However, the lake demonstrated signs of recovery toward pre-event conditions over the following month. These results are consistent with previous findings, underscoring the system’s resilience and the necessity of periodic water releases to maintain ecological balance. The use of remote sensing tools effectively captured these dynamics, offering valuable insights for the long-term monitoring of water quality. This study highlights the urgent need for proactive management strategies to mitigate the effects of increasingly intense meteorological disturbances.

A stereolithographically modulable 3D-printed platform modified with a fluorescent metal–organic framework (MOF) has been developed for the selective recognition and extraction of tetracyclines, enabling their detection via front-face fluorescence spectroscopy. For this purpose, the MOF was grown in situ on the 3D-printed surface, which was previously functionalized with 2-aminoterephthalic acid, allowing the resulting composite to act as both sorptive and sensing material. Structural and morphological characterization of the MOF onto the 3D-printed device was performed using X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence analysis. The key advantage of the presented device is its full compatibility with conventional fluorometers, requiring no instrumental modifications since it fits directly into a standard cuvette holder. Additionally, the ability to perform measurements directly in the solid state, minimizing matrix effects thanks to the 3D-printed device functionalized with the MOF, offers a significant improvement over traditional methodologies. According to the Stern–Volmer model, the platform achieves good detection limits (1.8 and 0.5 μg L⁻¹ in seawater and milk, respectively), inter-device variability below 12% and recoveries exceeding 94%. Fabrication is cost-effective, with each complete unit costing only €1.60 including 3D printing, reagents, and labor (€0.5 per impact zone piece). Graphical Abstract

Seagrasses play a pivotal role in maintaining marine ecosystems, supporting biodiversity, and preventing sediment loss during storms. Their capacity for photosynthesis and growth is linked to light availability in the continental shelf waters. Satellite platforms such as Landsat (USGS) and Sentinel (ESA) provide accessible imagery for the monitoring of these submerged plants. This study employed the PRISMA methodology to conduct a systematic review of the literature, with the objective of identifying articles focused on these seagrasses and their detection via satellite imagery. The identified methodologies included the use of vegetation and water indices, which were validated through empirical observations, as well as supervised classification algorithms, such as Random Forest, Maximum Likelihood, and Support Vector Machine. These approaches were applied to Mediterranean and other coastal regions, revealing changes in seagrass cover due to anchor damage in tourist areas and trawling scars that resemble plough marks. Such tools are vital for informing management actions, such as the implementation of restrictions on anchoring and bottom trawling, in order to protect these vulnerable ecosystems. By enabling targeted interventions, this approach facilitates the preservation of seagrass meadows, which are also critical for carbon sequestration and the sustainability of marine habitats.

The present study focuses on the extraordinary isolated high-level depression event that occurred on 29 October 2024 over the eastern Iberian Peninsula (Spain). The emphasis of the study is on the Turia and Magro river basins and the Albufera of Valencia lagoon basin, with particular attention given to the hydrological implications of the event in these areas. It is an established fact that episodes of intense precipitation give rise to flash floods. This recurrent phenomenon has significant economic and human impacts, and is particularly prominent in the Mediterranean region, including the Valencian Community (Eastern Spain). The estimation of peak flows at key sites in the basins was achieved through the utilization of an empirical methodological approach based on fieldwork to obtain the wetted cross-section of each site of analysis. Utilizing the existent official flow-measuring data network, an estimation was made of the average velocity of the water. The results indicate that flows in several locations exceeded the carrying capacity of the watercourses, leading to substantial flooding and overflows. The maximum estimated peak flow was determined to be 5678 m³ s⁻¹ in the Poyo ephemeral stream and 4198 m³ s⁻¹ in the Magro river. The results were validated using the Manning equation and related stream parameters (such as roughness and slope), obtaining a normalized root mean squared error of 3.62% and normalized mean absolute error of 2.26%. This analysis identified bottlenecks in the hydrographic network and emphasized the necessity to enhance detailed knowledge of the hydraulic capacity of watercourses. This helps with the purpose of flood risk management in the event of extreme future events accentuated by climate change.

Coastal lagoons are recent geological formations, crucial biodiversity hot-spots, and fragile ecosystems which provide several ecosystem services. These areas are strongly affected by nutrient inputs, which can lead to eutrophication and algal blooms. We identified nine Italian coastal lagoons with a surface area greater than 10 km². Most of them were previously classified in a poor ecological condition. Therefore, we used remote sensing, in particular Sentinel-2 images, to assess the trophic state of these areas over time from 2015 until 2025. Automatic products of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), total suspended matter (TSM), and water transparency (kd_z90max) were derived. Chl-a concentrations indicated predominantly eutrophic conditions, ranging from 0.44 (Mare Piccolo) to 80.81 mg·m⁻³ (Comacchio). Comacchio and Cabras showed persistently high Chl-a values and low transparency, while Mare Piccolo was characterized by high transparency and oligotrophic conditions. Varano and Cabras showed a significant increase in Chl-a (p < 0.05) coupled with an increase in TSM (p < 0.01) and decline in transparency in Varano (p < 0.05). Most other lagoons showed no long-term trends but remained in eutrophic–hypereutrophic states. Therefore, the Italian coastal lagoons studied are vulnerable areas to environmental degradation. Many of the lagoons showed persistent eutrophic conditions and no long-term recovery trends. However, among the lagoons, there were heterogeneous ecological conditions, ranging from oligotrophic (Mare Piccolo) to chronically hypereutrophic (Comacchio, Cabras). Water clarity was mainly affected by suspended solids; however, in some cases, there was a key role in primary production (algal blooms). Sentinel-2 data proved effective for monitoring spatial and temporal variability in coastal lagoon water quality, offering a valuable tool for environmental management and early detection of degradation trends.

Anthropogenic activities represent a significant challenge to macrophyte conservation worldwide. Eutrophication, resulting from excessive nutrient inputs to aquatic ecosystems, is one of the main man-induced disturbances affecting the health of wetlands. Albufera of Valencia has experienced a hypertrophic and turbid state since the 1970s, with the consequent disappearance of macrophyte meadows and the predominance of phytoplankton. However, unique episodes of water clarity occurred in 2018 and 2022, leading to the reappearance of Myriophyllum spicatum and Najas marina, respectively. In the present study, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is used to monitor the emergence, growth, and disappearance of N. marina in 2022, as was previously done for M. spicatum. In November 2022, we obtained the maximum cover with 48.42 ha and began declining until March 2023. This methodology supports the potential of remote sensing in assessing the cover, density, and health of aquatic vegetation, while allowing us to examine the influence of water quality and quantity on this prominent phenomenon. After removing the outlier data, all variables except for suspended solids presented normal distribution. The results suggest that, by improving the water quality in the Albufera and maintaining an adequate ecological flow, managed by the competent authorities, the recovery of the macrophyte meadows that characterised this ecosystem more than five decades ago could be feasible.