Background: The radiological evaluation of the carotid sinus (CS) anatomy and its morphometry is essentially important for various surgical procedures involving the carotid bifurcation and the CS itself. Despite its tremendous clinical significance, studies dealing with the CS anatomy are seldom reported. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the frequencies of the CS positional variants and their morphometry and correlate them with age and body mass index (BMI). Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, a total of 754 disease-free carotid arteries were examined using computed tomography angiography scans to determine the CS positional variations (such as types I to III) and its morphometry, including the CS diameter and length. Additionally, the association between these parameters and factors such as sex, age, and body mass index were explored using appropriate statistical tests. The inter-rater agreement of the collected dataset was evaluated using Cohen’s Kappa. Results: The CS type I was observed in 87.67% of the cases, and type II and type III were observed at lower frequencies with 9.02% and 3.32%, respectively. There were statistically significant (p < 0.001) differences observed in the mean diameter and length of the sinus between the sex and the type I CS variations. However, there was no significant and strong correlation between the age and BMI factors with sinus length and sinus diameter. The kappa values for inter-rater agreement ranged from 0.77 to 0.99 for all parameters. Conclusions: In type I, the CS length and carotid vessel’s diameter is significantly different between the sexes. However, age and BMI do not affect the CS anatomy in radiologically disease-free carotid arteries. Knowledge of the CS variant anatomy is clinically significant as it influences the patients’ surgical and physiological outcomes.

Metastatic breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women. Common metastatic sites include the lung, liver, bone, lymph nodes, and brain, with distant metastases occurring more frequently than local or regional recurrences. This case series aims to highlight and raise awareness of rare metastatic sites of breast cancer, thereby promoting early detection and guiding optimal management, which may improve patient survival. Four patients were identified with metastases to rare anatomical sites: the parotid gland, thyroid, stomach, and colon. All cases were confirmed by immunohistochemistry, with tumor cells positive for CK7 and GATA-3, consistent with breast origin. 18F-FDG PET/CT was instrumental in identifying hypermetabolic lesions, though differentiation from primary tumors relied on pathological evaluation. Systemic therapy, including chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and HER2-targeted treatment, constituted the mainstay of management, with surgical intervention reserved for palliation or local control. Breast cancer metastases to rare sites pose significant diagnostic challenges, often mimicking synchronous primary tumors of the affected organs. Even with advances in oncology care, such metastases may be overlooked unless actively considered. Radiologists and clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for atypical metastases in patients with a history of breast cancer. Any new or enlarging lesion in an unusual site should be considered metastatic until proven otherwise. Early detection facilitates timely intervention and may improve patient prognosis.

Hemangiolymphangioma is a rare malformation of the vascular and lymphatic system affecting different parts of the human body. Hemangiolymphangioma of the small bowel mesentery is extremely rare. We report the case of a 23-year-old woman who presented with generalized colicky abdominal pain. Computed tomography findings were initially thought to represent possible secondary mesenteric and peritoneal metastatic deposits. However, no primary tumor was identified. A pelvic magnetic resonance imaging was then performed, which favored the diagnosis of extensive mesenteric lymphangiomatosis. The diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically as hemangiolymphangioma of the small bowel mesentery.