Microbial bioformulations, due to their positive impact on the growth and development of plants, as well as the absence of harmful effects on the environment and humans, have a vast potential for mass introduction into agriculture. Assessing the quality of bioformulations, especially complex ones, is a difficult task. In this study, we show that high-throughput sequencing can be an effective tool for the quality control and safety of microbial bioformulations. By the method of high-throughput sequencing on the MiSeq platform, we studied 20 samples of commercially available microbial bioformulations. In parallel with this, bioformulations were studied by classical microbiological methods. The analysis showed the presence of extraneous undeclared bacterial genera by the manufacturer. Only 10% of the bioformulations fully corresponded to the commercial composition, and another 10% of the bioformulations did not contain the bacteria declared by the manufacturer in their composition at all. The bacterial composition of 80% of the bioformulations partially corresponded to the composition indicated on the package. The most frequent microbial bioformulations contaminants were Enterococcus, Lactobacillaceae, Klebsiella, Escherichia-Shigella and Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium. Universal methods for the quality control of bioformulations are needed. The advantages of high-throughput sequencing for the evaluation of bioformulations are considered in this work.

Lactic acid is used in various industries: chemical, food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, agriculture and polymer production. 40% of the domestic market demand for lactic acid is met through imports, while the main methods for producing lactic acid are microbiological or synthetic. The most rational is microbiological synthesis, however, when it is implemented, valuable sugar-containing substrates (crystalline sucrose, molasses, sugar syrup) are used, which significantly affects the cost of the final product. There was an obvious need to search for new technologies for the production of lactic acid. Prospective and cost-effective is the processing of whey into lactic acid using bacterial fermentation of the lactose contained in the whey. The aim of the study is to screen cultures of microorganisms capable of fermenting lactose contained in milk whey and to select the composition of the medium that provides the maximum yield of lactic acid. Strains of lactic acid bacteria were used in the experiment: Leuconostocmesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides 122 (B1699), Lactobacillus brevis B78 (B5728), Lactobacillus plantarum K9 (B5466), Lactobacillus casei C1 (B5726), Lactobacillus acidophilus (B9012), Lactobacillus paracasei BT 24/88 (B6253), Lactobacillus paracasei 139 (B2430), obtained from the Russian National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (Scientific Center "Kurchatov Institute" -Research Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Microorganisms). The authors determined the optimal composition of the medium for the biosynthesis of lactic acid by selecting the concentrations of yeast autolysate and salt solution that provide the maximum yield of lactic acid. The authors also selected the optimal duration of lactic acid biosynthesis. The study of the acid-forming ability of strains of lactic acid bacteria showed that of the strains studied, Lactobacillus casei C1 (B5726) showed the greatest ability to ferment lactose by synthesizing lactic acid, which correlates with the data on assimilation of lactose by the culture. The optimal cultivation time (132 h) and the concentration of yeast lysate (5%) in a nutrient medium based on curd whey were selected. With optimal parameters, the maximum concentration of lactic acid in the culture liquid of Lactobacillus casei C1 (B5726) was 54.77 g / L, which is comparable with the currently used producers in the industrial production of lactic acid.

The objects of study in this work were the following strains: Pediococcus acidilactici, Lactobacillus johnsonii and Ligilactobacillus salivarius , isolated from the feces of 14-day-old broiler chickens. A sample of broiler chicken feces was placed in a sterile MRS nutrient medium (HiMedia, India) and incubated at 37 ˚C for 24 hours. After that, the analyzed samples were subcultured deeply onto the MRS-agar nutrient medium (SPC Biokompas-S, Russia) using the limiting dilution method to isolate individual colonies of microorganisms. Petri dishes with the cultures were incubated for 48 hours at 37 ˚C. The grown colonies of microorganisms were identified by cultural and morphological characteristics for further sequencing. The resistance of these cultures to bile acids was studied, their antagonistic activity, tolerance to extremely low and high pH values were assessed, and their resistance to different groups of antibiotics was analyzed. L. salivarius was the most resistant to bile compared to L. johnsonii and P. acidilactici . P. acidilactici did not exhibit antagonistic action against the normal microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract, unlike the other analyzed strains, but had a significant effect on opportunistic bacteria. Extremely low and high pH values did not provoke complete death of P. acidilactici , while L. salivarius and L. johnsonii did not retain activity at extremely low pH values. The experiment also revealed that L. johnsonii was the most antibiotic-sensitive strain.

Meeting the population's needs with high-quality food products is one of the main objectives of agricultural policy. Due to the high import dependence in feed production, the development of new domestic high-protein feed additives that ensure the production of high-quality, dietary and biosafe products is a current area of research. Recently, much attention has been paid to expanding the range of feed crops and obtaining cheaper, competitive poultry products. The leading place among high-protein fodder grasses used to obtain vitamin-grass meal is occupied by alfalfa and clover. In this regard, the work carried out a comparative analysis of the fractional composition of amaranth phytomass in comparison with alfalfa and clover. It has been established that amaranth is not inferior in the amount of nutrients to traditional types of high-protein fodder grasses used to obtain vitamin-herbal flour. The green mass of amaranth is characterized by a high content of crude protein (14.89%), fat (4.33%), and ash (11.15%). In terms of the amount of essential amino acids, amaranth protein is close to an ideal protein, and in terms of the content of arginine (4.52%) and lysine (0.72%) it exceeds these indicators for alfalfa and clover proteins. Thus, a comparative analysis of the chemical composition of the green mass of amaranth, alfalfa and clover showed that amaranth is not inferior to traditional types of forage high-protein grasses in terms of the amount of nutritional components; the protein has a more balanced amino acid composition, close to ideal protein, which characterizes the green mass of amaranth as a promising raw material for producing a high-protein feed additive for quail.

Effects of carbon substrate type on alginate synthesis by Azotobacter chroococcum | Belozerova | Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology Влияние углеродного субстрата на синтез альгината бактериями Azotobacter chroococcum | Белозерова | Известия вузов. Прикладная химия и биотехнология

В условиях отказа от антибиотиков-стимуляторов роста перед современным птицеводством стоит вопрос о повышении эффективности пробиотических добавок в кормлении цыплят-бройлеров. Одним из способов является микрокапсулирование. В работе обоснована перспектива применения фукоидана — полисахарида, выделенного из бурых морских водорослей Fucus vesiculosus в качестве полимерной структуры для микрокапсулирования пробиотических микроорганизмов. Экспериментально установлено, что матрица из альгината натрия (2%) и фукоидана (2%) в соотношении 1:5 формирует стабильные гидрогелевые структуры в 2 М растворе хлорида бария. В исследовании in vitro подтвержден пребиотический эффект фукоидана. Так, добавление в концентрации 1% стимулировало рост Pediococcus acidilactice в 1,93 раза (Р < 0,001), а Ligilactobacillus salivarius — в 1,77 раза (Р < 0,001) относительно контроля. Выявлено угнетение роста Lactobacillus johnsonii, что свидетельствует о штаммспецифичности фукоидана. Также установлено, что концентрация фукоидана выше 3% подавляет рост пробиотических бактерий. Разработанный подход сочетает защиту пробиотиков от агрессивных факторов желудочно-кишечного тракта, их адресную доставку и пребиотические свойства фукоидана, что открывает новые направления для птицеводства. In the context of the rejection of antibiotic growth promoters in modern poultry farming, the issue of increasing the effectiveness of probiotic supplements in broiler chicken feed through microencapsulation remains relevant. This work substantiates the potential of using fucoidan, a polysaccharide isolated from the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus, as a polymeric matrix for the microencapsulation of probiotic microorganisms. It was experimentally determined that a composite matrix of sodium alginate (2%) and fucoidan (2%) in a ratio of 1:5 forms stable hydrogel structures in a 2 M barium chloride solution. In an in vitro study, the prebiotic effect of fucoidan was confirmed: its addition at a concentration of 1% stimulated the growth of Pediococcus acidilactici by 1.93 times (Р < 0.001) and Ligilactobacillus salivarius by 1.77 times (Р < 0.001) relative to the control. Inhibition of Lactobacillus johnsonii growth was identified, suggesting the strain-specificity of fucoidan action. It was found that fucoidan concentrations above 3% inhibit the growth of probiotic bacteria. The developed approach combines the protection of probiotics against aggressive gastrointestinal factors, their targeted delivery, and the prebiotic properties of fucoidan, which opens new directions for the poultry industry.