Medication adherence behavior plays a central role in the success of tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Conventional motivation is not optimal in strengthening long-term medication adherence. A motivational interviewing (MI) communication motivation model based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) was designed with the main objective of improving medication adherence and treatment success. This study used an experimental design with a randomized posttest-only control group design. The intervention and control groups consisted of 107 TB patients each, who were selected by random cluster sampling. The study was conducted from November 2020 to June 2021 at 38 public health centers in Bali Province. The HBM-based MI model intervention was given in seven counseling sessions, pill count percentages were used to measure medication adherence, and treatment success was based on sputum examination results. Logistic regression was used to assess the effect of the intervention on medication adherence and treatment success. Logistic regression analysis showed that MI-based HBM and knowledge were the most influential variables for increasing medication adherence and treatment success. Medication adherence was 4.5 times greater (ARR = 4.51, p = 0.018) and treatment success was 3.8 times greater (ARR = 3.81, p < 0.038) in the intervention group compared to the control group, while the secondary outcome of knowledge of other factors together influenced medication adherence and treatment success. The conclusion is that the HBM-based MI communication motivation model creates a patient-centered relationship by overcoming the triggers of treatment barriers originating from the HBM construct, effectively increasing medication adherence and treatment success for TB patients, and it needs further development by involving families in counseling for consistent self-efficacy of patients in long-term treatment.

The iron nutrition supplementation is an intervening strategy in tackling the anaemia deficiency among children and adolescent girls for the realization of a healthy and productive generation. To measure the effect of iron supplementation programs in increasing the concentration of haemoglobin and serum ferritin for the prevention and control of iron deficiency. The literature review was conducted using the sources from PubMed, Ebsco Health and Google Scholar database. Searches were limited to journals published between 2010 and 2019. There were 11 articles related to the effects of iron supplementation programs and iron fortification in schools. The articles discussed the intervention study that assessed the effects of iron supplementation in increasing the level of haemoglobin and serum ferritin. We found that there were variations in hematologic responses. Additionally, there was a significant increase in the level of haemoglobin and serum ferritin after the intervention of the program. The main predictor of the increase of the level of haemoglobin was the initial status of Hb. We also found, however, that there were insignificant results in the samples with high initial haemoglobin level as well the intervention with the lack of supervision. Moreover, we found that during the period of 12-to-24-week intervention with frequency of the iron supplementation once a week, the concentration of haemoglobin decreased from 121.5 g/l, and on the 36th week, there was a decrease of haemoglobin level to 119.1 g/l. The occurrence of the side effect of iron varies based on the frequency of the intervention. The implementation of a school-based program of iron supplementation is effective to increase the levels of Hb and ferritin in blood. The management of the program needs to involve the family members in terms of monitoring the constancy and the side effects. The sustainability of the program needs to be strengthened through education and motivation to teachers and students as well as the development of a comprehensive integrated system for the prevention and control of anaemia deficiency.

The integration of cellular technology in healthcare (M-Health) has the potential in coping with the constraints of the medical service system and to become a breakthrough to support the patients’ medication adherence. This review was conducted to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of M-Healthin terms of the patients’ medication adherence.The literature review conducting on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ebsco Health and Taylor & Francis was confined to the articles published between 2010 and 2019. Fifteen articles relating to medication adherence were reviewed, eleven of which employed RCT methods including quasi-experiment that assessed the effectiveness of M-Health to measure the adherence, while four other researches employed qualitative studies to explore patients’ perceptions.The review showed that the intervention of m-Health is effective to drive the compliance of the treatment in accordance with healthcare promotion efforts as well as the prevention, screening and the management of the diseases. Two studies have shown inconsistent results regarding the prevention of obesity and the management of hypertension patients. The development of such model abd the integration of parallel m-Health and healthcare promotion will improve the long-term medication adherence. Index Terms— effectiveness, compliance, M-health, health care

Background: The public health crisis that all countries around the world have experienced is the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed strengths and weaknesses in many legal frameworks. A public health emergency (PHE) is carried out quickly by health workers to save lives. This study intends to analyze legal certainty in adequate norms in the Health Law to fill the void in norms regarding guarantees of legal protection and access to government legal facilities for health workers related to PHE. Methods: Using normative legal research methods with a statutory approach (statue approach) and a conceptual approach towards PHE. Results: The results of this study indicate that the Health Law only regulates legal protection guarantees in general and does not regulate in detail the legal facilities that can be accessed by health workers when dealing with legal cases, so this will result in non-optimal legal protection guarantees. Conclusion: In formulating future policies to help health workers resolve legal issues in PHE, the government must be able to develop provisions by adapting and adopting the guidelines of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies for future legal framework readiness in public health emergencies and preparing institutions lawfully appointed to accommodate the government's responsibility for legal certainty for health workers. Keywords: legal facilities, public health emergencies, health workers