Wastewater reuse as a sustainable, reliable and energy recovery concept is a promising approach to alleviate worldwide water scarcity. However, the water reuse market needs to be developed with long-term efforts because only less than 4% of the total wastewater worldwide has been treated for water reuse at present. In addition, the reclaimed water should fulfill the criteria of health safety, appearance, environmental acceptance and economic feasibility based on their local water reuse guidelines. Moreover, municipal wastewater as an alternative water resource for non-potable or potable reuse, has been widely treated by various membrane-based treatment processes for reuse applications. By collecting lab-scale and pilot-scale reuse cases as much as possible, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the membrane-based treatment processes, mainly focused on the hydraulic filtration performance, contaminants removal capacity, reuse purpose, fouling resistance potential, resource recovery and energy consumption. The advances and limitations of different membrane-based processes alone or coupled with other possible processes such as disinfection processes and advanced oxidation processes, are also highlighted. Challenges still facing membrane-based technologies for water reuse applications, including institutional barriers, financial allocation and public perception, are stated as areas in need of further research and development.

The culture of microalgae is important for the production and maintenance of bivalves. One of the major challenges is to maintain the reliability of microalgae forages over the long term. The aim of this work is to use Ultrafiltered (UF) seawater to cultivate them. Thus, cultures in a volume of 300 L of 2 species of microalgae Tetraselmis and T-isochrysis, were monitored in UF water (membrane pore size: 20 nm) and in sea water usually used on the Ifremer mollusk experimental platform of Bouin (France) (Prefiltration, 3 filtrations and 2 UV). The major result is the securing of microlagae cultures with the absence of parasites in all cultures supplied with ultrafiltered water, unlike analyses of the various control cultures. In the case of T-isochrysis, 3 cultures out of 4 resulted in higher microalgae concentrations, up to 30%, in ultrafiltered water thus bringing a benefit on the algal density. These conclusions and the ease of recovering water (linked to the reduction in treatment stages) allowed a transfer of technology. In fact the 300 L cultures hitherto carried out on the experimental platform are now produced in ultrafiltered water since early 2019.