The article presents the process of designing and testing an ecosystem-based governance model (EBGM). The EBGM is an innovative and highly participatory approach to addressing management challenges in protected areas. The implementation of the EBGM makes it possible to define a management approach that seeks to balance the interests of various stakeholders, ensure the long-term availability of ecosystem services, and meet the conservation goals of nature protection in important areas. The study focused on Natura 2000 sites affected by climate change (altered precipitation patterns, higher temperatures, more frequent natural disturbances, the spread of invasive alien species, etc.) while also facing management challenges (conflicting stakeholder interests, lack of management capacity, preparation of management plans, etc.). The EBGM consists of six elements, representing phases in the search for shared governance solutions. It incorporates seven fundamental principles and three key management dimensions. The model was developed iteratively and tested in practice through two participatory workshops involving key stakeholders of the Rački ribniki–Požeg Landscape Park, which, at the time of the study, was undergoing a revision of its protection act and the preparation of a management plan. The outcomes of testing the EBGM included the establishment of a stakeholder network, an assessment of the park’s importance for nature conservation and provision of ecosystem services, an evaluation of past and future development trends, and the delineation of management zones for the entire area of the park. The EBGM is sufficiently flexible to be applied in other contexts and under different ecosystem management regimes.

Ecosystem services (ES) are closely linked to nature-based solutions, which can mitigate the negative impacts of climate change or provide society with direct tangible and intangible benefits. In the context of a changing climate, it is essential to preserve these services despite increasing disturbances. In this study, we analysed changes in the structure and composition of the Jelovica forest complex (NW Slovenia) over the past two decades and assessed the provision of key regulating forest ES—specifically, soil erosion control, regulation of surface and groundwater flows, and regional climate regulation. The area has historically seen the artificial promotion of Norway spruce and, in recent decades, has been increasingly affected by large-scale disturbances and bark beetle outbreaks. We examined how these climate-related disturbances have influenced the availability of regulating ES. Over the past twenty years, the share of spruce in the growing stock in the Jelovica area decreased from 67% to 62%. We compared structural and compositional changes between two periods, 2001–2009 and 2015–2023, based on available forest management data. In both periods, mature stands were the dominant developmental stage. In the northwestern part of the Jelovica plateau, where extensive sanitary felling was carried out, the proportion of sapling stands increased significantly—unlike in other parts of the plateau. Areas affected by extensive sanitary felling exhibited statistically significantly lower evapotranspiration and reduced soil erosion control capacity, as well as higher levels of groundwater recharge, compared to other areas.