Predicting the future has always been a human endeavor, ranging from antiquated methods such as monitoring aquariums for indications of earthquakes to contemporary techniques that evaluate system probabilities and capacities. Taking into account the current emphasis on improving product reliability by customer demands and global competitiveness, we introduce the idea of reliability in the context of the Airbus A320 airplane in this paper. When it comes to business and commercial aircraft, timetable compliance and punctuality are critical components of an aircraft’s profitability. For many operators of commercial aircraft, reaching the 98% reliability criterion is a typical objective. This study examines the Airbus A320 in great detail, concentrating on a particular system scenario that has two possible failure modes, one where gears do not retract after takeoff and the other being when landing, the gears fail to extend. The organization bears specific costs as a result of these shortcomings. The purpose of the study is to examine these expenses and offer insights into the financial ramifications by performing a profit analysis. We examine the failure and repair patterns by utilizing the Markov Process and Regenerative Point method. This study adds to our understanding of the reliability issues facing the aviation sector and has applications for improving the Airbus A320 aircraft’s operational effectiveness and financial performance.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effect of varying load and rotational speed on the pressure distribution characteristics of mild steel-based hydrodynamic journal bearings. Understanding these influences is crucial for optimizing lubrication performance, minimizing friction and enhancing bearing durability. By analyzing pressure variations under different operational conditions, the research provides insights into improving bearing design and predictive maintenance strategies. The findings contribute to the advancement of tribology and mechanical engineering by offering a better understanding of fluid film behavior, ultimately leading to more efficient and reliable bearing systems in industrial applications. Design/methodology/approach: This study employs an experimental approach to analyze the performance characteristics of mild steel-based hydrodynamic journal bearings under varying load and speed conditions. A test rig was designed to measure circumferential pressure distribution using SAE 20W40 lubricant at rotational speeds of 250, 500 and 750 RPM and loads of 0, 0.25 and 0.50 kg. Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) was used for material characterization. Taguchi optimization with an L18 orthogonal array and analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis were applied to identify key influencing factors. The findings provide insights into lubrication dynamics and bearing efficiency, contributing to improved predictive maintenance and bearing design. Findings: The study reveals that rotational speed significantly influences the pressure distribution in hydrodynamic journal bearings compared to applied load. Maximum pressure is observed at higher speeds, with peak values occurring between 120° and 150° bearing angles. Increased speeds enhance lubricant film stability, reducing metal-to-metal contact and improving bearing efficiency. Load variations shift the pressure peak but have a lesser impact on overall pressure distribution. Taguchi optimization and ANOVA confirm that speed is the dominant factor affecting bearing performance. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing journal bearing design and improving lubrication strategies in rotating machinery applications. Research limitations/implications: This study is limited to experimental investigations under controlled laboratory conditions, focusing on mild steel-based hydrodynamic journal bearings using SAE 20W40 lubricant. Variations in environmental factors, bearing materials and lubricant properties may influence real-world performance. Originality/value: This study provides a novel experimental investigation into the pressure distribution characteristics of mild steel-based hydrodynamic journal bearings under varying load and speed conditions. Unlike previous research, it integrates Taguchi optimization and ANOVA to systematically analyze the influence of operational parameters. The findings offer new insights into lubrication dynamics, highlighting the dominant role of rotational speed in enhancing bearing efficiency. The study’s practical implications contribute to optimizing journal bearing design, reducing frictional losses, and improving predictive maintenance strategies. These results are valuable for researchers and engineers working on tribology, mechanical systems and industrial lubrication technologies.

This comparative research study explores the efficacy of two parallel systems, Model A employing a hot standby configuration and Model B utilizing a cold standby setup, each comprising three units operating based on demand. The investigation focuses on evaluating the reliability and cost-effectiveness of these systems, employing metrics such as Mean Time to System Failure, availability at full and reduced capacity, repairer busy periods, downtime, and profit analysis using Semi-Markov and regenerative point techniques. Results reveal that Model B (cold standby) outperforms Model A (hot standby) across multiple parameters, including Mean Time to System Failure, availability, repairer busy periods, downtime, and profitability. Specifically, Model B demonstrates higher values for Mean Time to System Failure, Availability at full and reduced capacity, Busy period for repairmen, and Profit in Rs. Consequently, it is inferred that Model B proves to be more reliable and efficient than Model A. These findings underscore the potential advantages of employing cold standby configurations in similar machinery setups, offering insights to enhance system performance and minimize downtime, thus suggesting avenues for optimizing cold standby parallel systems based on the study's outcomes.

This paper offers a modeling methodology to evaluate similar systems’ performance and optimize system effectiveness with customized maintenance plans. This strategy, which combines regeneration point techniques with semi-Markov processes, is used to assess a plate manufacturing company’s system. Key insights are obtained using a thorough cost-benefit analysis that includes numerical analysis, graphical interpretations, and system efficacy indicators. The study clarifies the dynamics of the system’s reliability under different repair rates by showing an inverse relationship between Mean Time to System Failures (MTSF) and failure rate. Additionally, the analysis clarifies how profit is affected by failure rate, highlighting the necessity of efficient maintenance plans from an economic standpoint. This research highlights the growing significance of availability and dependability in technology-driven sectors and emphasizes the need for dependable systems. This paper makes a substantial contribution to the knowledge already available in the field of reliability engineering by providing a thorough framework that combines regeneration point approaches and semi-Markov processes. The metrics that are obtained offer a comprehensive understanding of the behavior of the system, which in turn helps industry practitioners make well-informed decisions.

In this study, the rheological feature of bottom ash-water slurry was investigated by using NaCl as an additive. The additive was added into the bottom ash suspension with proportions of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% (by weight). The range of solid concentration in the suspension varied from 10 to 60 % (by weight). When compared to the normal condition or without additive, the addition of NaCl results in a very obvious reduction in the apparent viscosity of the solution. The addition of 0.4% additive shows good agreement with the reduction of energy consumption as compared to the rest of the range of velocities. Because of the reduction in energy consumption, the required pump power decreased up to a remarkable limit of approximately 20%. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that increasing NaCl concentration reduces apparent viscosity, pressure drop, and specific energy consumption, leading to improved flow efficiency. According to the findings of the investigation, the suspension of bottom ash slurry described in the above manner has the potential to be transported in a slurry pipeline using the least amount of energy.