SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) emerged in 2019 and proliferated rapidly across the globe. Scientists are attempting to investigate antivirals specific to COVID-19 treatment. The 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV utilize the same receptor of the host which is COVID-19 of the main protease (Mpro).COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is burdensome to overcome by presently acquired antiviral candidates. So the objective and purpose of this work was to investigate the plants with reported potential antiviral activity. With the aid of in silico techniques such as molecular docking and druggability studies, we have proposed several natural active compounds including glycyrrhizin, bicylogermecrene, tryptanthrine, β-sitosterol, indirubin, indican, indigo, hesperetin, crysophanic acid, rhein, berberine and β-caryophyllene which can be encountered as potential herbal candidate exhibiting anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Promising docking outcomes have been executed which evidenced the worthy of these selected herbal remedies for future drug development to combat coronavirus disease.Graphic

Isatin (1H indole 2, 3-dione) is a heterocyclic, endogenous lead molecule recognized in humans and different plants. The isatin nucleus and its derivatives are owed the attention of researchers due to their diverse pharmacological activities such as anticancer, anti-TB, antifungal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, anti-HIV, and so on. Many research chemists take advantage of the gentle structure of isatins, such as NH at position 1 and carbonyl functions at positions 2 and 3, for designing biologically active analogues via different approaches. Literature surveys based on reported preclinical, clinical, and patented details confirm the multitarget profile of isatin analogues and thus their importance in the field of medicinal chemistry as a potent chemotherapeutic agent. This review represents the recent development of isatin analogues possessing potential pharmacological action in the years 2016–2020. The structure–activity relationship is also discussed to provide a pharmacophoric pattern that may contribute in the future to the design and synthesis of potent and less toxic therapeutics.

A major global health risk has been witnessed with the development of drug-resistant bacteria and multidrug-resistant pathogens linked to significant mortality. Coumarins are heterocyclic compounds belonging to the benzophenone class enriched in different plants. Coumarins and their derivatives have a wide range of biological activity, including antibacterial, anticoagulant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumour, and enzyme inhibitory effects. In the past few years, attempts have been reported towards the optimization, synthesis, and evaluation of novel coumarin analogues as antimicrobial agents. Several coumarin-based antibiotic hybrids have been developed, and the majority of them were reported to exhibit potential antibacterial effects. In the present work, studies reported from 2016 to 2020 about antimicrobial coumarin analogues are the focus. The diverse biological spectrum of coumarins can be attributed to their free radical scavenging abilities. In addition to various synthetic strategies developed, some of the structural features include a heterocyclic ring with electron-withdrawing/donating groups conjugated with the coumarin nucleus. The suggested structure−activity relationship (SAR) can provide insight into how coumarin hybrids can be rationally improved against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The present work demonstrates molecular insights for coumarin derivatives having antimicrobial properties from the recent past. The detailed SAR outcomes will benefit towards leading optimization during the discovery and development of novel antimicrobial therapeutics.

Objectives: The novel human coronavirus designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan, China. This virus spread rapidly around the globe, causing the respiratory illness called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In view of the multiple threats and disorder posed by the pandemic, scientists around the world have been racing to understand SARS-CoV-2 and investigate the pathophysiology of this disease to find potential treatments and effective therapeutic drug candidates. Methods: The virtual interaction of the COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) in complex with the inhibitor N3 (Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank [PDB] ID: 6LU7) with antiviral and antimalarial drugs was measured, as well as that of the SARS spike glycoprotein-human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) complex (PDB ID: 6CS2) with antimalarial drugs currently on the market using the AutoDock Vina suite (O. Trott, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA). Results: The binding energy result obtained from the docking of 6LU7 with ligands of oseltamivir, ritonavir, remdesivir, ribavirin, favipiravir, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine was found to be -4.7, -7.3, -6.5, -5.6, -5.4, -5.1, -5.3 kcal/mol, respectively. The binding energy from the docking of 6CS2 with ligands of chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine was -7.1 and -6.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The docking results suggested drug molecules of oseltamivir, ritonavir, remdesivir, ribavirin, and favipiravir had a greater capability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 since they demonstrated high affinity interactions with the COVID-19 Mpro in complex with the N3 inhibitor. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine also showed prominent binding interaction with the SARS spike glycoprotein-human ACE2 complex. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that these drugs are promising candidates for antiviral treatment with high potential to fight the SARS-CoV-2 strain.

Background: Epilepsy is one in every of the foremost important chronic neurological disorders with high incidence worldwide. Several epileptic patients don’t seem to be fully treated with currently available marketed medicines likewise so many drugs have shown unfavorable side effect and drug interaction. Therefore, there are continuing interests to seek out new anticonvulsant drugs. Methods: Literature search was carried out to indentify isatin containing derivatives as anticonvulsant drugs. Results: Common synthetic schemes were studied to design and develop isatin derives anticonvulsant agents. Various structural features essential for the design of isatin compounds were reported. Anticonvulsant activity is evaluated by different tests were identified and their results can be considered for the design of novel isatin derivatives as anticonvulsants. Conclusion: In outline, isatin has been proved to be an excellent hybrid building the molecule with interesting biological activities. Among the prospect of derivatizing the N1, C2 and C3 positions, along with substitution on the aromatic ring, the synthetic modification for isatin is almost endless. Despite the fact that isatin derivatives are well-studied compounds, new derivatives are continually being discovered on the basis of known AEDs, isatin has been fused with other bioactive drug fragments and subsequently investigated as hybrid/dual action drugs and selectively targeted against convulsion.