Ocimum genus known as Tulsi or Basil is a prominent botanical class in Asian culture, especially in India. The leaves have an immunomodulatory, antioxidant, stress-relieving, and adaptogenic role in traditional and modern medicine, with prominent usage in herbal teas and nutraceuticals. The HPLC-PDA method was developed and validated for vicenin-2, orientin, cynaroside, betulinic acid, genistein, with syringic acid, rosmarinic acid, eugenol, carnosic acid, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, luteolin, apigenin for quantification and confirmed using a novel ESI -MS/MS method in the Ocimum samples. The methodology parameters were developed on the RP-C₁₈ column with a gradient elution of 1 mL/min flow rate for 0.1% o-phosphoric acid and acetonitrile at 210 and 340 nm wavelengths. The validation data for 13 bioactive compounds showed good linearity (r²> 0.99) with sensitive LOD (0.034-0.684 µg/mL) and LOQ (0.100-2.068 µg/mL) with recoveries (83.66-101.53%).The results were found precise (RSD,<5.0%) and accurate (RE, -0.60-1.06) for the quantification. The method performance was verified and found robust by analyzing ten samples of O. tenuiflorum from the ten geographical states of India (RSD, < 5.0%). The validated HPLC-PDA method was found selective and suitable for analyzing thirteen compounds in O. tenuiflorum and twelve cultivars from the Ocimum genus as a quality control tool. This method can be used in routine analysis as an inexpensive alternative to advanced techniques. This work is the first to report for vicenin-2, orientin, cynaroside, betulinic acid, and genistein, with simultaneous analysis of eight bioactive compounds in the Ocimum genus.

Striga orobanchioides Benth is a traditionally used Ayurvedic medicinal plant for the treatment of diabetes. Scientific validation of the claim is studied in this research. The significant bioactivity of the plant components is obligatory for its use in medicine. The present work is to extract bioactive fractions and chemicals, biological activity of the chemicals and to identify potentially bioactive compound(s) from ethanolic extract of the plant. Ethanolic extract of the authenticated plant was fractionated and subjected to in vitro and in vivo antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity. In vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme activity was carried out on digestive enzyme. Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes mellitus in rats model was preferred for in vivo activity where antidiabetic parameters body weight, urine volume, blood glucose level, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum insulin, liver glycogen and lipid profile as an antihypertensive parameters were assessed. Isolation of bioactive compounds was carried out by chromatographic techniques and identification of the compound was done by FTIR, Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The molecular docking study with α-amylase, α-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), glucokinase (GK) as diabetic markers and on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) and Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) was carried out. Ethyl acetate-methanol fraction of the ethanol extract showed presence of pentacyclic triterpenoids (81.5% w/w) in GC-HRMS study. Spectroscopic analysis of the isolated compound revealed presence betulin. In vitro antidiabetic activity pointed out robust inhibition of the digestive enzymes by the fractions known as bioactive fraction and betulin. Betulin at a dose of 40 mg/kg treated group showed significant improvement of diabetic conditions. The gene expression studies revealed that betulin in 40 mg/kg dose has positive effects for carbohydrate metabolism in liver, lowers the hepatic inflammation and increases insulin secretion. The plant compound demonstrated significant inhibitory potential on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, DPP-IV and GK enzymes in silico. The biological study reveals that betulin could dominate the succession of diabetes in dose dependent manner. The plant and specifically Betulin exerts a significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects that are more possibly through stimulation of insulin secretion, increase in PPAR-α level with an increase in GRIA2 mRNA expression.

Background: Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. known as the African tulip tree has potential medicinal properties that have been shown traditionally for the treatment of various ailments. The aim of the present study was isolation, identification, and evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of phytochemicals from the chloroform extract of S. campanulata. Result: Three compounds were isolated by using column chromatography and preparative TLC from chloroform extract of leaves of S. campanulata. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by using spectroscopic methods, including, FTIR, ESI-TOF MS, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. In vitro cytotoxic activity of compounds was evaluated by using SRB assay against human leukemia cancer cell lines (HL-60). Results were expressed in IC₅₀ values. Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol, octadecenamide, and umbelliferone were isolated and identified from chloroform extract. The isolated compounds showed cytotoxicity with decreasing cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, but it was found low as compared to positive control, i.e., Adriamycin against HL-60 cell lines. Conclusion: The results indicate that isolated compounds, i.e., stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol (44.12μg/ml), octadecenamide (35.65μg/ml), and umbelliferone (80.60μg/ml) showed antiproliferative activity, but it was low compared to positive control Adriamycin (10.09 μg/ml). Also, according to our knowledge, this study is the first report on the isolation and identification of octadecenamide and umbelliferone from the leaves of S. campanulata. Graphical

In the present investigation, we report the synthesis, anti-inflammatory activity and molecular docking of monocarbonyl analogues of curcumin. The anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized compounds was gauzed using the protein denaturation assay using Diclofenac sodium as reference standard. Among the tested compounds, 3d, 3e, 3f, 3j, 3k, 3l and 3m displayed excellent anti-inflammatory activity by exhibiting good range of percentage inhibition as compared to the standard DFS. In silico binding affinity study against Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) enzyme could provide valuable insight into their plausible mechanism of action. Also, in silico ADME prediction of synthesized monocarbonyl curcumin analogues showed excellent pharmacokinetic parameters by not violating Lipinski’s rule of five. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT