Diversification of rice-wheat cropping system may improve the productivity and sustainability of agricultural production in the Indo-Gangetic plane region (IGPR), but the choice of alternative sequences to be used requires integrated assessment of various crop sequences. A long-term field experiment was initiated during 2000–01 on sandy loam soil at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India to assess 10 rice-based cropping sequences – rice-wheat, rice-chickpea, rice-wheat-green gram, rice-wheat-Sesbania (green manure), rice-mustard-green gram, rice-lentil-cowpea (fodder), rice-pea, rice-lentil + mustard (3:1)-cowpea (fodder), rice-maize (cob) + vegetable pea (1:1)-cowpea (fodder) and rice-potato-green gram in randomized block design with four replications. The data contained in this paper are for the year 2002–03 and 2003–04. Substitution of rice-wheat with 300% intensity cropping sequences particularly with rice-potato-green gram resulted in maximum production cost but gave the highest system productivity, net return, benefit:cost ratio, production efficiency, profitability and energy productivity. Inclusion of summer grain/fodder legume or Sesbania for green manuring improved the content of soil organic matter. The soil P status was positively affected in all the sequences and particularly those with summer crops. Decline in soil available K in all the sequences indicated inadequacy of present recommended rate of fertilizer K to all the component crops in different sequences.

This review highlights the scope for integrating green nanoparticle-based drug-delivery systems with Ayurveda and presents a compelling opportunity to bridge ancient healing wisdom with modern scientific advancements by bringing forward the recent advancements in the field of Ayurveda and nanomedicine. Combining the principles of Ayurveda with green nanoparticles offers an eco-friendly approach to drug delivery, aligning with Ayurvedic emphasis on natural remedies and sustainable practices. This convergence could lead to the development of envi-ronmentally conscious therapeutic solutions. The potential for enhanced therapeutic efficacy through targeted delivery of Ayurvedic bioactive compounds using green nanoparticles holds promise. This could potentially optimize treatment outcomes and reduce side effects, aligning with Ayurveda’s holistic approach to healing. By encapsulating Ayurvedic ingredients within green nanoparticles, the bioavailability and stability of herbal compounds can be addressed, po-tentially unlocking their full therapeutic potential. This aligns with Ayurvedic teachings on opti-mal absorption and assimilation of remedies. The personalized and targeted approach of Ayur-veda, combined with the precision of green nanoparticle-based drug delivery, could usher in a new era of individualized medicine. This convergence represents a powerful example of how the synergy between traditional knowledge and scientific progress can drive transformative ad-vancements in medicine.

Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) is a crucial cash crop predominantly consumed as a vegetable. High-yielding varieties are favored to maximize productivity and income, but they require substantial nutrients, leading to heavy reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This practice poses health risks and causes environmental pollution. Adequate nutrient availability, particularly for phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), is essential for optimal cauliflower growth. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) enhance P availability by solubilizing insoluble phosphates, whereas nitrogen-fixing microbes (NFM) convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms. These microbial inoculants are eco-friendly alternatives to chemical fertilizers, which promote nutrient availability and plant growth. The purpose of this study was to separate, identify, and describe PSB from the soil of the cauliflower rhizosphere in the Uttar Pradesh district of Lucknow, Unnao, and Kanpur. Selected PSB isolates were screened, characterized using 16S rRNA, and evaluated for their phosphate solubilization capacity at different phosphorus concentrations. The results showed increased phosphate solubilization up to 72 h, with tricalcium phosphate (TCP) solubilized most effectively at 500 ppm and rock phosphate (RP) or bone meal (BM) at 250 ppm. Bacillus pumilus exhibited the highest phosphate solubilization ability. This research highlights the potential of PSB and NFM as sustainable solutions for reducing chemical fertilizer dependency, enhancing soil fertility, and promoting cauliflower growth, thereby offering a promising approach to sustainable agriculture.