This comparative–descriptive multi-national research examined the screen time and playtime of preschool children aged 1–6 years before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents reported on the play and screen habits of preschool-aged children on the weekday and weekends using a questionnaire on the lifestyle habits of their children. Results indicated a significant difference in screen time and playtime on the weekday and weekend before the pandemic (screen time: 1.91 ± 2.40 vs. 2.16 ± 2.60 h; playtime: 3.55 ± 2.49 vs. 4.11 ± 2.58 h, both p < 0.05), but during the COVID-19 pandemic, only the weekday–weekend difference in screen time was significantly different (screen time: 2.87 ± 3.15 vs. 3.26 ± 3.18 h, p < 0.05; playtime: 3.25 ± 3.41 vs. 3.48 ± 2.41, p > 0.05). Before- and during-COVID-19 comparisons showed that the average daily screen time increased by 150% from 2.04 h to 3.06 h (p < 0.05), while the average play time decreased by 12.3% (3.83 to 3.36 h, p < 0.05). Based upon international guidelines for movement behaviours of young children, special attention and actions are needed to manage the excessive daily screen time and preserve the average daily playtime of Javanese preschool children. These results present useful benchmarking data for parents, teachers, and health authorities to initiate ameliorative interventions to better balance children’s screen time and playtime as Indonesia emerges from the COVID-19 pandemic to a COVID-19 endemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed Indonesians’ behaviors and has had an impact on many facets of daily life. People’s lives are becoming increasingly dependent on digital technologies, which is a phenomenon with conflicting effects on people’s health and happiness. This cross-sectional study focused on one such influence, namely, how the shift from the period before to during COVID-19 has affected children’s playtime and sleep duration. As part of a multicenter study, 618 adult caregivers (parents, family members, or babysitters) who visited the kindergarten in question on behalf of preschool children aged 2–5 years (4.04 ± 1.39) were surveyed on the children’s play and sleep habits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia, particularly Java Island (before pandemic, N = 309; during pandemic, N = 309). ANOVA was used for a statistical analysis to describe the difference between groups and within time collections. Significant favorable relationships were found between pre-pandemic and post-pandemic playtime and sleeping time on weekdays, weekends, and averaged weekday-weekend (r = 0.437; 0.180 and 0.321, all p < 0.05) were detected. Before the pandemic, children’s playtime (4.11 vs. 3.55 h) and sleep duration (10.92 vs. 10.70 h) were significantly greater on the weekend than on the weekday (p < 0.05) but not during the pandemic (playtime: 3.48 vs. 3.45 h and sleep duration: 10.83 vs. 10.80 h; all p > 0.05). The COVID-19 pandemic had no impact on sleep duration or playtime in Javanese preschool children. Efforts should be intensified to promote the value of playtime and sleep duration among children in this age range so that the future of Indonesian children’s can be ensured.

Literasi menjadi bagian penting bagi masa depan seseorang. Pengetahuan akan lebih luas apabila kebiasaan membaca sudah ditanamkan sejak dini. Sayangnya, tingkat literasi masyarakat masih sangat rendah, maka dari itu muncul keinginan dalam mendalami bagaimana persepsi mahasiswa di lingkungan pendidikan tinggi tentang kebiasaan dalam literasi. Lebih spesifik, subjek penelitian berasal dari mahasiswa olahraga yang mengikuti perkuliahan telaah literatur. Terdapat sejumlah 85 orang yang terlibat dalam studi deskriptif secara sukarela. Pemilihan subjek penelitian dilakukan melalui teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, angket, dan wawancara. Studi pendahuluan ini menghasilkan gambaran tentang kebiasaan membaca mahasiswa olahraga yang masih sangat rendah, 10-15 menit waktu membaca dilakukan oleh mahasiswa olahraga dengan presentase sebanyak 36,5%, diikuti oleh kebiasaan membaca dalam rentang 5 – 10 menit, 15 – 30 menit, di bawah 5 menit dan di atas 30 menit yaitu 34,1%, 15,3%, 9,4%, dan 4,7% dari mahasiswa olahraga yang terlibat pada studi pendahuluan ini. Lalu, mayoritas mahasiswa hanya membaca 1 kali sehari mencapai 64%. Meskipun begitu, pengetahuan tentang mencari informasi sudah mencakup sumber nasional dan/atau internasional. Hasil survey studi pendahuluan ini menyimpulkan bahwa minat baca mahasiswa olahraga sangat rendah, sehingga perlu cara untuk memperbaiki tingkat literasi mahasiswa olahraga untuk lebih membuka wawasan.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi seberapa besar efek dari recovery aktif dan pasif terhadap kemampuan dalam melakukan angkatan dumbell sampai lelah (kemampuan daya tahan), agar dapat diketahui bagaimana efektivitas recovery terhadap kemampuan daya tahan otot lengan berikutnya. Menggunakan teknik purposive sampling diperoleh 23 subjek penelitian yang dibagi ke dalam tiga kelompok, yaitu kelompok recovery pasif ditambah penggunaan manset sphygmomanometer (RPMS), recovery aktif (RA), dan recovery pasif selama 3 menit (RP3) sebagai kontrol. Desain penelitian menggunakan One Pretest and Posttest Design, dengan single blind study. Subjek penelitian mengangkat dumbell sampai lelah (daya tahan), kemudian melakukan satu dari tiga bentuk recovery, dilanjutkan dengan pengangkatan dumbell kembali sampai lelah. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan pengaruh antara recovery aktif (RA) dan pasif (RPMS dan (RP3). Namun jika ditelaah lebih mendalam pada setiap kelompoknya, hanya RP3 yang tidak mengalami penurunan daya tahan secara signifikan (0,186 > 0,05) jika dibandingkan dengan RPMS (0,000 < 0,01) dan RA (0,007 < 0,05). Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa penggunaan RP3 memiliki kemampuan tahan terhadap kelelahan lebih lama dibandingkan dengan RA dan RPMS. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh antara recovery aktif dan pasif. Namun recovery pasif terbukti mampu membuktikan bahwa tahan terhadap kelelahan lebih lama dibandingkan dengan recovery aktif.   EFFECTS OF ACTIVE VERSUS PASSIVE RECOVERY ON MUSCLE ENDURANCE   Abstract The study investigated effects of active and passive toward ability to lift dumbbell to exhausted (endurance ability), so that it can prove effectiveness of recovery for lifting further. Through purposive sampling techniques acquired 23 research subject divided into three groups, passive recovery group accompanied by sphygmomanometer utilization (RPMS), active recovery group (RA), and passive recovery during 3 minutes (RP3) as control group. Research design was use One Pretest and Posttest Design, with single blind study. Research subject lifted dumbbell to exhaustion (endurance), after that, subjects did one of three form of recovery similar with their group, then lifting dumbbell for the second time after recovery until exhausted. This study showed that there is no difference between RA, RPMS and RP3. Specifically, if we looked at comparison between pre- and post- recovery, only RP3 had no experience significance reduction for endurance ability (0,186 > 0,05) compared with RPMS (0,000 < 0,01) dan RA (0,007 < 0,05). This result indicated application of RP3 resistant to fatigue if compared with RA and RPMS. It can conclude that there was no significance effect between active and passive recovery. Whilst, passive recovery has time to exhaustion benefits longer than active recovery.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of ingesting royal jelly sports gel at doses of 1500 mg, 3000 mg, and 4500 mg after 48 hours of high-intensity weight training on creatine kinase (CK) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. A total of 16 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to four groups: placebo, 1500 mg, 3000 mg, and 4500 mg of royal jelly sports gel. Blood samples were collected before and after the intervention to measure CK and IL-6 levels. The results revealed a significant reduction in CK and IL-6 levels in the 4500 mg royal jelly group compared to the placebo group. However, no significant changes were observed in the 1500 mg and 3000 mg groups. These findings suggest that the consumption of royal jelly sports gel at a dosage of 4500 mg may positively influence recovery processes after high-intensity weight training by mitigating muscle damage and inflammation. Further research is needed to elucidate the potential benefits and optimal dosages of royal jelly in enhancing exercise recovery. Keywords: Suplementation, Biomarkers, Royal Jelly, Fatique

Background and Study Aim. ACL reconstruction is the surgical replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament with a tissue graft to restore knee function. To avoid problems including edema, loss of range of motion, muscle weakness, poor balance, and recovery of knee function, rehabilitation treatment should be performed after surgery. Immediate implementation of open kinetic chain exercises, use of criterion-based progressions for various activities such as running, sprinting, and plyometrics, and implementation of a secondary prevention program. This clinical practice review is to discuss the parameters associated with the rate of phase repair for ACL repair and to guide therapists according to the parameters of postoperative healing. Material and Methods. The patient presented with a knee brace still in place, swelling and incision marks above the patella, and atrophy of the dextra quadrisep muscle, the patient still had difficulty bending and straightening his right knee, and used crutches to help him walk. The modalities given are massage, electrotherapy (TENS), various exercises (exercise therapy), stretching, and cryotherapy. Results. There are five phases of rehabilitation: maximal protection, moderate protection, minimum protection (initial strengthening), Neuromuscular Control and Functional Training (strengthening-cardiovascular conditioning), and maintenance and Return to Activity (controlled agility-advanced conditioning). These stages are to help reduce swelling, increase joint range of motion, increase muscle strength, and reduce pain. Conclusion. Periodization theory should be fundamentally understood by sports rehabilitation professionals, especially physical therapists and sports medicine physicians. So that a safe and organized postoperative procedure can be established.